A Mixed-Methods Study Exploring Coping Self-Insights Associated with Resilience.

Self-insight has been associated with psychological resilience; however, less is understood about the role coping-specific self-insights play in strengthening resilience. This study used a convergent mixed-methods approach to investigate the coping self-insights triggered by self-reflection on coping experiences and their effects on perceived resilience. Australian ministry workers ( = 79) provided up to five qualitative self-reflective workbook entries, and quantitative online self-report survey responses before and six months after training.

Diagnosis of common health conditions among autistic adults in the UK: evidence from a matched cohort study.

Background: Autistic people are disproportionately likely to experience premature mortality and most mental and physical health conditions. We measured the incidence of diagnosed conditions accounting for the most disability-adjusted life years in the UK population according to the Global Burden of Disease study (anxiety, depression, self-harm, harmful alcohol use, substance use, migraine, neck or back pain, and gynaecological conditions).

Methods: Participants were aged 18 years or above and had an autism diagnosis recorded in the IQVIA Medical Research Database between 01/01/2000 and 16/01/2019.

Randomised controlled trial of population screening for atrial fibrillation in people aged 70 years and over to reduce stroke: protocol for the SAFER trial.

Introduction: There is a lack of evidence that the benefits of screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) outweigh the harms. Following the completion of the Screening for Atrial Fibrillation with ECG to Reduce stroke (SAFER) pilot trial, the aim of the main SAFER trial is to establish whether population screening for AF reduces incidence of stroke risk.

Methods And Analysis: Approximately 82 000 people aged 70 years and over and not on oral anticoagulation are being recruited from general practices in England.

A coping self-insight scale for adults: development and preliminary psychometric properties.

Background: Self-insights focused on the coping process are implicated in the refinement of capacities for resilience. To advance this research, we must identify key coping self-insights and develop a concise measurement tool.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to develop evidence for the construct dimensionality and validity of a measure of coping self-insight.

A comparison of ultrasound-guided aspiration with open surgical drainage in the management of pediatric acute suppurative cervical lymphadenitis.

Objectives: Image-guided aspiration has been proposed as an alternative to the traditional open drainage in acute suppurative cervical lymphadenitis, although little evidence comparing these approaches exists. The aim of this study was to compare ultrasound-guided aspiration and open surgical drainage in the management of pediatric acute suppurative cervical lymphadenitis.

Methods: Patients treated for acute suppurative cervical lymphadenitis at a tertiary referral pediatric hospital over a three-year period were retrospectively analyzed.

Why do people choose not to take part in screening? Qualitative interview study of atrial fibrillation screening nonparticipation.

Introduction: While screening uptake is variable, many individuals feel they 'ought' to participate in screening programmes to aid the detection of conditions amenable to early treatment. Those not taking part in screening are often presented as either hindered by practical or social barriers or personally at fault. Why some people choose not to participate receives less consideration.

Group cognitive stimulation therapy versus usual care for people with intellectual disabilities and dementia (CST-IDD) in the UK: protocol for a mixed-methods feasibility randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: The prevalence of dementia is almost five times higher in people with intellectual disabilities compared with the general population. However, evidence-based treatments for this population are lacking, as most randomised controlled trials for dementia interventions have not included people with intellectual disabilities. Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) has a robust evidence base in the general dementia population, consistently showing benefits to cognition, quality of life and being cost-effective.

How to apply evidence-based practice to the use of artificial intelligence in radiology (EBRAI) using the data algorithm training output (DATO) method.

Objective: As the number of radiology artificial intelligence (AI) papers increases, there are new challenges for reviewing the AI literature as well as differences to be aware of, for those familiar with the clinical radiology literature. We aim to introduce a tool to aid in this process.

Methods: In evidence-based practise (EBP), you must Ask, Search, Appraise, Apply and Evaluate to come to an evidence-based decision.

Cluster randomised controlled trial of screening for atrial fibrillation in people aged 70 years and over to reduce stroke: protocol for the pilot study for the SAFER trial.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia associated with 30% of strokes, as well as other cardiovascular disease, dementia and death. AF meets many criteria for screening, but there is limited evidence that AF screening reduces stroke. Consequently, no countries recommend national screening programmes for AF.

End-of-life care quality measures: beyond place of death.

Background: How quality in healthcare is measured shapes care provision, including how and what care is delivered. In end-of-life care, appropriate measurement can facilitate effective care and research, and when used in policy, highlight deficits and developments in provision and endorse the discipline necessity. The most prevalent end-of-life quality metric, place of death, is not a quality measure: it gives no indication of the quality of care or patient experience in the place of death.

How to embed qualitative research in trials: insights from the feasibility study of the SAFER trial programme.

Qualitative research can enhance the design, conduct and interpretation of trials. Despite this, few trials incorporate qualitative methods, and those that do may not realise their full potential. In this commentary, we highlight how qualitative research can contribute to the design, conduct and day-to-day running of a trial, outlining the working arrangements and relationships that facilitate these contributions.

Why do people take part in atrial fibrillation screening? Qualitative interview study in English primary care.

Objectives: There is insufficient evidence to support national screening programmes for atrial fibrillation (AF). Nevertheless, some practitioners, policy-makers and special interest groups have encouraged introduction of opportunistic screening in primary care in order to reduce the incidence of stroke through earlier detection and treatment of AF. The attitudes of the public towards AF screening are unknown.

The coping insights evident through self-reflection on stressful military training events: Qualitative evidence from self-reflection journals.

Research has demonstrated that adaptive forms of self-reflection on stressor events and insight may strengthen resilient capacities. However, the coping insights that emerge during self-reflection are notoriously under-researched. In this research, we sought to explore the evidence for the self-reflective activities and coping insights drawn from the Self-Reflection and Coping Insight Framework and find evidence of new reflections or insights not captured within the framework.

Efficacy of Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Inhibition and Synergy with Antipsychotics in Animal Models of Schizophrenia.

Antipsychotic medications function by blocking postsynaptic dopaminergic signaling in the central nervous system. Dopamine transmission can also be modulated presynaptically by inhibitors of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), which inhibit loading of dopamine into presynaptic vesicles. Here we investigated the combination of these mechanisms in animal models of schizophrenia and weight gain (a primary side effect of antipsychotics).

Quantifying the Kinetics of Signaling and Arrestin Recruitment by Nervous System G-Protein Coupled Receptors.

Neurons integrate inputs over different time and space scales. Fast excitatory synapses at boutons (ms and μm), and slow modulation over entire dendritic arbors (seconds and mm) are all ultimately combined to produce behavior. Understanding the timing of signaling events mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of action of therapeutics targeting the nervous system.

Informant-based assessment instruments for dementia in people with intellectual disability: A systematic review and standardised evaluation.

Background: Dementia in people with intellectual disability (ID) is frequent but hard to recognise. Evidence-based recommendations for suitable instruments are lacking.

Aims: The present study set out to evaluate informant-based dementia assessment instruments and to provide evidence-based recommendations for instruments most suitable in clinical practice and research.

A proinflammatory diet is associated with an increased likelihood of first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination in women.

Background: While a number of studies have examined associations between dietary factors and risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), little is known about intakes of inflammation-modulating foods and nutrients and risk of MS.

Objectives: To test associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination (FCD) (267 cases, 507 controls) using data from the Ausimmune Study.

Methods: The 2003-2006 Ausimmune Study was a multicentre, matched, case-control study examining environmental risk factors for an FCD, a common precursor to MS.

Out-of-hours services and end-of-life hospital admissions: a complex intervention systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Background: Out-of-hours (OOH) hospital admissions for patients receiving end-of-life care are a common cause of concern for patients, families, clinicians, and policymakers. It is unclear what issues, or combinations of issues, lead OOH clinicians to initiate hospital care for these patients.

Aim: To investigate the circumstances, processes, and mechanisms of UK OOH services-initiated end-of-life care hospital admissions.

The Problems of Applying Classical Pharmacology Analysis to Modern In Vitro Drug Discovery Assays: Slow Binding Kinetics and High Target Concentration.

The analysis framework used to quantify drug potency in vitro (e.g., or ) was initially developed for classical pharmacology bioassays, for example, organ bath experiments testing moderate-affinity natural products.

Delivering screening programmes in primary care: protocol for a scoping and systematic mixed studies review.

Introduction: Screening programmes represent a considerable amount of healthcare activity. As complex interventions, they require careful delivery to generate net benefit. Much screening work occurs in primary care.

Advancing UK Regulatory Science Strategy in the Context of Global Regulation: a Stakeholder Survey.

Background: The UK's transition from the European Union creates both an urgent need and key opportunity for the UK and its global collaborators to consider new approaches to the regulation of emerging technologies, underpinned by regulatory science. This survey aimed to identify the most accurate definition of regulatory science, to define strategic areas of the regulation of healthcare innovation which can be informed through regulatory science and to explore the training and infrastructure needed to advance UK and international regulatory science.

Methods: A survey was distributed to UK healthcare professionals, academics, patients, health technology assessment agencies, ethicists and trade associations, as well as international regulators, pharmaceutical companies and small or medium enterprises which have expertise in regulatory science and in developing or applying regulation in healthcare.