Development of Thermally Stable mRNA-LNP Delivery Systems: Current Progress and Future Prospects.

The success of mRNA-LNP-based COVID-19 vaccines opens a new era for mRNA-LNP-based therapy. This breakthrough is expected to catalyze the development of more mRNA-LNP-based medicines, not only for preventive vaccines but also for therapeutic purposes. Despite the promising outlook, there are fundamental challenges impeding the progress and widespread application of mRNA-LNP formulations.

 (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species from southern Vietnam.

from Vietnam is described and illustrated. It is found in southern Vietnam, where it occurs at an elevation of 1400-1500 m in Voi Mountain, Duc Trong District, Lam Dong Province. This new species is distinguished from a similar species, , by culm nodes with a thick swollen patella, culm leaf blades erect, auricles conspicuous, margins bearing long hairs, palea dorsal view showing rachilla extension and rudimentary floret at the apex and lodicules purple gradually towards the top.

Emerging Monkeypox Virus Sublineage C.1 Causing Community Transmission, Vietnam, 2023.

We studied a community cluster of 25 mpox cases in Vietnam caused by emerging monkeypox virus sublineage C.1 and imported into Vietnam through 2 independent events; 1 major cluster carried a novel APOBEC3-like mutation. Three patients died; all had advanced HIV co-infection.

Magnetic tweezers characterization of the entropic elasticity of intrinsically disordered proteins and peptoids.

Understanding the conformational behavior of biopolymers is essential to unlocking knowledge of their biophysical mechanisms and functional roles. Single-molecule force spectroscopy can provide a unique perspective on this by exploiting entropic elasticity to uncover key biopolymer structural parameters. A particularly powerful approach involves the use of magnetic tweezers, which can easily generate lower stretching forces (0.

Pincus blob elasticity in an intrinsically disordered protein.

Understanding the dynamic structure of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) is important to deciphering their biological functions. Here, we exploit precision entropic elasticity measurements to infer the conformational behavior of a model IDP construct formed from the disordered tail of the neurofilament low molecular weight protein. The IDP construct notably displays a low-force power-law elastic regime, consistent with the Pincus blob model, which allows direct extraction of the Flory exponent, [Formula: see text], from the force-extension relationship.

A comprehensive study on the efficacy of a wearable sleep aid device featuring closed-loop real-time acoustic stimulation.

Difficulty falling asleep is one of the typical insomnia symptoms. However, intervention therapies available nowadays, ranging from pharmaceutical to hi-tech tailored solutions, remain ineffective due to their lack of precise real-time sleep tracking, in-time feedback on the therapies, and an ability to keep people asleep during the night. This paper aims to enhance the efficacy of such an intervention by proposing a novel sleep aid system that can sense multiple physiological signals continuously and simultaneously control auditory stimulation to evoke appropriate brain responses for fast sleep promotion.

Vertical distributions and risk assessment of phosphorus in core sediments from the Can Gio coastal district in southern Vietnam.

In this study, total phosphorus (P) and P released forms were measured in core sediments from the areas affected by human settlement and shrimp farming activities and the core zone of the Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, a coastal district in south Vietnam. Furthermore, ecological risk assessment and parameters controlling P release from sediments were investigated, including pH, major elements (Al-Ca-Mg-Fe), and fine fraction. The average total amount of P in the sediments varied from 287 to 669 mg/kg, with significantly lower values being observed in the mangrove biosphere reserve area.

Nitric Oxide Derived from Cytoglobin-Deficient Hepatic Stellate Cells Causes Suppression of Cytochrome Oxidase Activity in Hepatocytes.

Cell-cell interactions between hepatocytes (Hep) and other liver cells are key to maintaining liver homeostasis. Cytoglobin (CYGB), expressed exclusively by hepatic stellate cells (HSC), is essential in mitigating mitochondrial oxidative stress. CYGB absence causes Hep dysfunction and evokes hepatocarcinogenesis through an elusive mechanism.

An Ensemble of Deep Learning Frameworks for Predicting Respiratory Anomalies.

This paper evaluates a range of deep learning frameworks for detecting respiratory anomalies from input audio. Audio recordings of respiratory cycles collected from patients are transformed into time-frequency spectrograms to serve as front-end two-dimensional features. Cropped spectrogram segments are then used to train a range of back-end deep learning networks to classify respiratory cycles into predefined medically-relevant categories.

A Cough-based deep learning framework for detecting COVID-19.

This paper presents a deep learning framework for detecting COVID-19 positive subjects from their cough sounds. In particular, the proposed approach comprises two main steps. In the first step, we generate a feature representing the cough sound by combining an embedding extracted from a pre-trained model and handcrafted features extracted from draw audio recording, referred to as the front-end feature extraction.

Soluble Immune Checkpoint Protein CD27 Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Hepatitis C Virus-Sustained Virological Response Patients.

Factors affecting the probability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development even after sustained virological response (SVR) following anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy remain unelucidated. This study characterized the role of 16 soluble (s) immune checkpoint proteins in 168 HCV-SVR patients, with 47 developing HCC at the study end point. At baseline, high concentrations of 10 immune checkpoint proteins were found in the sera of the HCC group.

Cytoglobin attenuates pancreatic cancer growth via scavenging reactive oxygen species.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly challenging malignancy with extremely poor prognosis. Cytoglobin (CYGB), a hemeprotein involved in liver fibrosis and cancer development, is expressed in pericytes of all organs. Here, we examined the role of CYGB in the development of pancreatic cancer.

Capacity of extracellular globins to reduce liver fibrosis via scavenging reactive oxygen species and promoting MMP-1 secretion.

Background & Aims: Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary cell type in liver fibrosis, a significant global health care burden. Cytoglobin (CYGB), a globin family member expressed in HSCs, inhibits HSC activation and reduces collagen production. We studied the antifibrotic properties of globin family members hemoglobin (HB), myoglobin (MB), and neuroglobin (NGB) in comparison with CYGB.

Lean management for improving hospital waiting times-Case study of a Vietnamese public/general hospital emergency department.

Introduction: Emergency departments (EDs) at public hospitals in Vietnam typically face problems with overcrowding, as well as being populated by a wide variety of illnesses, resulting in increasing dissatisfaction from patients. To alleviate these problems, we used the increasingly popular value-stream mapping (VSM) and lean strategy approaches to (1) evaluate the current patient flow in EDs; (2) identify and eliminate the non-valued-added components; and (3) modify the existing process in order to improve waiting times.

Methods: Data from a total of 742 patients who presented at the ED of 108 Military Central Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam, were collected.

Development and validation of a model for predicting 18-month mortality in type 2 myocardial infarction.

Background: Despite the poor prognosis in patients with type 2 myocardial infarction (MI), no prospective data on risk stratification exists. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a model for prediction of 18-month mortality of among patients with type 2 MI (T2MI) and compare its performance with GRACE and TARRACO scores.

Methods: The prospective observational study included 712 consecutive patients diagnosed with MI undergoing coronary angiography <24 h between January 2017 and December 2018.

Concordance and Prognostic Relevance of Angiographic and Clinical Definitions of Myocardial Infarction Type.

Background: Atherothrombosis is the principal mechanism of type 1 (T1) myocardial infarction (MI), while type 2 (T2) MI is typically diagnosed in the presence of triggers (anemia, arrhythmia, etc.). We aimed to evaluate the proportions of T1 vs.

Discordance between the Clinical Presentation and Morphology of Myocardial Infarction in a Patient with Acute Post-Hemorrhagic Anemia.

While atherosclerotic plaque disruption remains the hallmark of type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI), multiple other mechanisms provoking myocardial supply/demand mismatch (eg, anemia and tachyarrhythmias) are recognized as the potential causes of type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI). In clinical practice, angiography is underutilized in patients with MI that have typical T2MI triggers, although the presence of these triggers and various forms of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is not mutually exclusive. We describe a 70-year-old man that developed MI during hospitalization for gastrointestinal bleeding.

Epileptic Seizure Detection and Experimental Treatment: A Review.

One-fourths of the patients have medication-resistant seizures and require seizure detection and treatment continuously to cope with sudden seizures. Seizures can be detected by monitoring the brain and muscle activities, heart rate, oxygen level, artificial sounds, or visual signatures through EEG, EMG, ECG, motion, or audio/video recording on the human head and body. In this article, we first discuss recent advances in seizure sensing, signal processing, time- or frequency-domain analysis, and classification algorithms to detect and classify seizure stages.

Contamination status and potential release of trace metals in a mangrove forest sediment in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Can Gio district is located in the coastal area of Ho Chi Minh City, southern Vietnam. Discharge of wastewater from Ho Chi Minh City and neighboring provinces to the rivers of Can Gio has led to concerns about the accumulation of trace metals (As, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the coastal sediments. The main objective of this study was to assess the distribution of As, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface and core sediments and to evaluate the contamination status in relation to local background values, as well as the potential release of these selected trace metals from sediments to the water environment.

The influence of delta formation mechanism on geotechnical property sequence of the late Pleistocene-Holocene sediments in the Mekong River Delta.

The aim of the study was to characterize a variety of microstructure development-levels and geotechnical property sequences of the late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits in the Mekong River delta (MRD), and the paper furthermore discusses the influences of delta formation mechanisms on them. The survey associated the geotechnical engineering and the sedimentary geology of the late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits at five sites and also undifferentiated Pleistocene sediments. A cross-section which was rebuilt in the delta progradation-direction and between the Mekong and Bassac rivers represents the stratigraphy.

Inositol-Triphosphate 3-Kinase C Mediates Inflammasome Activation and Treatment Response in Kawasaki Disease.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem vasculitis that predominantly targets the coronary arteries in children. Phenotypic similarities between KD and recurrent fever syndromes point to the potential role of inflammasome activation in KD. Mutations in NLRP3 are associated with recurrent fever/autoinflammatory syndromes.