Contemp Clin Trials
March 2025
Background: Current guidelines for the treatment of multidrug-resistant/rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) are based on clinical trials evaluating fixed duration regimens. However, when a regimen succeeds, it remains unknown whether a shorter duration could yield the same results. Similarly, if a regimen fails, it is unclear whether extending the treatment could improve outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElucidating synthetic parameters to produce crystalline solid-state materials with specific properties remains an outstanding obstacle. Oxychalcogenide materials present their own challenges; gaseous reagents are difficult to control and quantify, and reactions cannot be monitored in situ at elevated temperatures. In this paper, we aim to address the lack of fundamental understanding of oxychalcogenides through the synthesis of LaOTe, by two different routes: traditional solid-state and hydrogen gas-assisted methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe synthetic naringenin derivative (2S)-8-carboxymethylnaringenin () was developed for the treatment of bacterial and viral respiratory infections. There are indications that may act as an antioxidant, however, no studies have been conducted in this regard. This work is aimed at assessing the antiradical capacity of against various physiologically relevant species in physiological environments by using thermodynamic and kinetic calculations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpatial analysis and disease mapping have the potential to enhance understanding of tuberculosis (TB) dynamics, whose spatial dynamics may be complicated by the mix of short and long-range transmission and long latency periods. TB notifications in Nam Dinh Province for individuals aged 15 and older from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed with a variety of spatio-temporal methods. The study commenced with an analysis of spatial autocorrelation to identify clustering patterns, followed by the evaluation of several candidate Bayesian spatio-temporal models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRetention and adherence to daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are critical for effective HIV prevention; however, YMSM exhibit lower rates of both compared to other populations. This is important because young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are at higher risk for HIV, and understanding their challenges can help create better support and interventions. This scoping review synthesizes evidence on the facilitators and barriers to HIV PrEP retention and adherence among YMSM, focusing on individuals aged 10 to 29 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in poultry pathogens necessitates the development of sustainable alternatives to antibiotics. Probiotics, particularly spp., have shown promise in combating bacterial infections in poultry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is widely recognized as a powerful analytical technique, offering molecular identification by amplifying characteristic vibrational signals, even at the single-molecule level. While SERS has been successfully applied for a wide range of targets including pesticides, dyes, bacteria, and pharmaceuticals, it has struggled with the detection of molecules with inherently low Raman scattering cross-sections. Urea, a key nitrogen-containing biomolecule and the diamide of carbonic acid, is a prime example of such a challenging target.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Evaluating the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients with hypertension and diabetes is vital for improving treatment adherence and outcomes.
Objective: This study assessed HRQoL and its influencing factors among patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension at Can Tho Hospital, Vietnam.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 310 outpatients at the polyclinic, using the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) between July 2021 and July 2022.
In the past, unsanitary landfills were a common method for municipal solid waste disposal in developing countries. Although many nations have closed these landfills, the environmental pollution risks and impacts persist. This study introduces a new multi-criteria risk assessment framework specifically designed for closed, unsanitary landfills.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord
December 2024
Objectives: To identify gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the use of corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among patients with chronic rheumatic diseases.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire including 12 knowledge questions, 13 attitude assessment statements, 5 barrier assessment statements, and 7 practical scenarios. We counted the total numbers of correct answers in knowledge, positive attitudes, barriers, and appropriate practices and fitted using Poisson regression to examine factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
Introduction: Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a rare cardiac manifestation in patients with advanced malignancies of the lungs, pancreas, gynecological system, and gastrointestinal tract. It is often confirmed postmortem by histopathological evidence of sterile platelet-fibrin deposits attached to the endocardium, most often on heart valves. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first to report multiple heart lesions caused by the systemic effect of cholangiocarcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleic Acids Res
February 2025
The interplay between multiple transcription factors precisely regulates eukaryotic transcription. Here, we report that the protein methyltransferases, MLL2/KMT2B and PRMT1, interact directly and act collectively to regulate gene expression. PRMT1 binds to the N-terminal region of MLL2, considered an intrinsically disordered region, and methylates multiple arginine residues within its RGG/RG motifs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a global health priority. However, trials evaluating the effectiveness of treating infection among contacts of persons with drug-resistant tuberculosis are lacking.
Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing 6 months of daily levofloxacin (weight-based doses) with placebo to treat infection.
Asia Pac J Clin Oncol
December 2024
Introduction: The role of afatinib in the first-line treatment of EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has been proven through clinical trials and real-world studies. However, additional data on the effectiveness of afatinib in patients with brain metastases are lacking.
Methods: EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with brain metastases were retrospectively reviewed across nine cancer centers in Vietnam from April 1, 2018 to June 1, 2022.
Introduction: The poorest in Burkina Faso face numerous barriers to healthcare access, including financial and geographic obstacles, as well as a high burden of chronic conditions and multimorbidity. This study estimates the average cost of providing curative outpatient consultations at first-level healthcare facilities to the poorest in Burkina Faso. It also estimates the budgetary impact of scaling up free access to these services nationwide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF1,4-Dihydronicotinamide derivatives, including 1-methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (MNAH), are derivatives of the active center of nicotinamide coenzyme (NADH) and are therefore potent radical scavengers. MNAH serves as a useful model of NADH that allows for modeling studies to address the activity of this important biomolecule. In this work, MNAH activity was evaluated against typical free radicals using quantum chemical calculations in physiological environments, with a secondary aim of comparing activity against two physiologically relevant radicals of markedly different stability, HO˙, and HOO˙, to establish which of these is a better model for assessing antioxidant capacity in physiological environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction And Importance: Esophageal perforation from endoscopic dilation is rare (0.53-0.6% incidence) but serious, with mortality rates of 12.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Older People Nurs
November 2024
PLOS Glob Public Health
November 2024
Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a promising target biomarker for diagnosing subclinical and clinical tuberculosis (TB). Urine LAM (uLAM) testing using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been approved for people living with HIV (PLWH), however there is limited data regarding uLAM levels in HIV-negative (HIV-ve) adults with clinical TB. We conducted a clinical study of adults presenting with clinical TB-related symptoms at the National Lung Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
December 2024