Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode.

A TiO/graphene quantum dots composite (TiO/GQDs) obtained by in situ synthesis of GQDs, derived from coffee grounds, and peroxo titanium complexes was used as electrode modifier in the simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine. The TiO/GQDs material was characterized by photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray mapping. The TiO/GQDs-GCE exhibits better electrochemical activity for uric acid and hypoxanthine than GQDs/GCE or TiO/GCE in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements.

The solitary wasp genus from Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae).

New data are presented for the potter wasp genus van der Vecht (Eumeninae, Odynerini) occurring in Vietnam. Two species are described as new to science: and van der Vecht is synonymized with (de Saussure); the male genitalia of this species are described for the first time. An updated key is presented to all species of the genus.

Synergistic infection of Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium oreochromis in cage cultured tilapia (Oreochromis sp.).

Widespread distribution of a highly pathogenic Edwardsiella ictaluri strain in farmed tilapia in northern Vietnam has recently been reported. The subsequent investigation noticed a disease outbreak occurred at five nearby tilapia farms with floating cages, in which the clinical signs of both edwardsiellosis and columnaris diseases were observed on the same infected fish and caused 65% to 85% fish mortality. Naturally diseased fish (n = 109) were sampled from the five infected farms for bacterial identification and conducting challenge tests.

First record of the genus Testudobracon Quicke, 1986 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) in Vietnam, with description of four new species.

Five species of the genus Testudobracon Quicke, 1986 in Vietnam were recognized, and four new species, viz. Testudobracon alius Long, sp. nov.

Automatic question answering for multiple stakeholders, the epidemic question answering dataset.

One of the effects of COVID-19 pandemic is a rapidly growing and changing stream of publications to inform clinicians, researchers, policy makers, and patients about the health, socio-economic, and cultural consequences of the pandemic. Managing this information stream manually is not feasible. Automatic Question Answering can quickly bring the most salient points to the user's attention.

Four new species of the subfamily Braconinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Vietnam.

This paper contains descriptions and illustrations of four new species of braconine wasps from two genera Megalommum Szpligeti, 1900 and Nedinoschiza Cameron, 1911 from Vietnam, viz. Megalommum hoabinhense Long, sp. nov.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee in a child: a case report.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a rare proliferative process, especially in children. Pigmented villonodular synovitis can affect the synovial joint, tendon sheaths, and bursa membranes. Within synovial joint involvement, it is commonly seen in the knee joint but hip, ankle, shoulder, wrist, and other joints can be involved.

Six new braconid wasps of the genus Colastomion Baker, 1917 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) from Vietnam.

The relatively small genus Colastomion Baker, 1917 is newly recorded for Vietnams braconid fauna and six new species are described and fully illustrated, viz. Colastomion asperum Long, sp. n; Colastomion cephonodes Long PVLam, sp.

Two new species of the genus Austerocardiochiles Dangerfield, Austin amp; Whitfield, 1999 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cardiochilinae) from Vietnam.

Two new species of the genus Austerocardiochiles Dangerfield, Austin Whitfield, 1999 from Vietnam, viz. A. mellosus Long, sp.

Homotaurine Treatment Enhances CD4 and CD8 Regulatory T Cell Responses and Synergizes with Low-Dose Anti-CD3 to Enhance Diabetes Remission in Type 1 Diabetic Mice.

Immune cells express γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA-R), and GABA administration can inhibit effector T cell responses in models of autoimmune disease. The pharmacokinetic properties of GABA, however, may be suboptimal for clinical applications. The amino acid homotaurine is a type A GABA-R (GABA-R) agonist with good pharmacokinetics and appears safe for human consumption.

A Clinically Applicable Positive Allosteric Modulator of GABA Receptors Promotes Human -Cell Replication and Survival as well as GABA's Ability to Inhibit Inflammatory T Cells.

A major goal of T1D research is to develop new approaches to increase -cell mass and control autoreactive T cell responses. GABA-receptors (GABA-Rs) are promising drug targets in both those regards due to their abilities to promote -cell replication and survival, as well as inhibit autoreactive T cell responses. We previously showed that positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABA-Rs could promote rat -cell line INS-1 and human islet cell replication .

Increased risk for T cell autoreactivity to ß-cell antigens in the mice expressing the A obesity-associated gene.

There has been considerable debate as to whether obesity can act as an accelerator of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We assessed this possibility using transgenic mice (MIP-TF mice) whose ß-cells express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Infecting these mice with EGFP-expressing murine herpes virus-68 (MHV68-EGFP) caused occasional transient elevation in their blood glucose, peri-insulitis, and Th1 responses to EGFP which did not spread to other ß-cell antigens.

Homotaurine, a safe blood-brain barrier permeable GABA-R-specific agonist, ameliorates disease in mouse models of multiple sclerosis.

There is a need for treatments that can safely promote regulatory lymphocyte responses. T cells express GABA receptors (GABA-Rs) and GABA administration can inhibit Th1-mediated processes such as type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis in mouse models. Whether GABA-R agonists can also inhibit Th17-driven processes such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis (MS), is an open question.

New record of the genus Zombrus Marshall, 1897 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae), with description of three new species from Vietnam.

The genus Zombrus Marshall, 1897, is newly recorded for Vietnam with four species. Three new species (Z. bicoloricorpus Long, sp.

Repurposing Lesogaberan to Promote Human Islet Cell Survival and -Cell Replication.

The activation of -cell's A- and B-type gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA-Rs and GABA-Rs) can promote their survival and replication, and the activation of -cell GABA-Rs promotes their conversion into -cells. However, GABA and the most clinically applicable GABA-R ligands may be suboptimal for the long-term treatment of diabetes due to their pharmacological properties or potential side-effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Lesogaberan (AZD3355) is a peripherally restricted high-affinity GABA-R-specific agonist, originally developed for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that appears to be safe for human use.

Clinically applicable GABA receptor positive allosteric modulators promote ß-cell replication.

A key goal of diabetes research is to develop treatments to safely promote human ß-cell replication. It has recently become appreciated that activation of γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA-Rs) on ß-cells can promote their survival and replication. A number of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) that enhance GABA's actions on neuronal GABA-Rs are in clinical use.

Interview-based sighting histories can inform regional conservation prioritization for highly threatened cryptic species.

The use of robust ecological data to make evidence-based management decisions is frequently prevented by limited data quantity or quality, and local ecological knowledge (LEK) is increasingly seen as an important source of information for conservation. However, there has been little assessment of LEK's usefulness for informing prioritization and management of landscapes for threatened species, or assessing comparative species status across landscapes.A large-scale interview survey in the Annamite Mountains (Vietnam and Lao PDR) compiled the first systematic LEK data set for saola , one of the world's rarest mammals, and eight other ungulates.

Combined therapy with GABA and proinsulin/alum acts synergistically to restore long-term normoglycemia by modulating T-cell autoimmunity and promoting β-cell replication in newly diabetic NOD mice.

Antigen-based therapies (ABTs) fail to restore normoglycemia in newly diabetic NOD mice, perhaps because too few β-cells remain by the time that ABT-induced regulatory responses arise and spread. We hypothesized that combining a fast-acting anti-inflammatory agent with an ABT could limit pathogenic responses while ABT-induced regulatory responses arose and spread. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) administration can inhibit inflammation, enhance regulatory T-cell (Treg) responses, and promote β-cell replication in mice.

Farmers' perceived risks of climate change and influencing factors: a study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

Many countries are confronting climate change that threatens agricultural production and farmers' lives. Farmers' perceived risks of climate change and factors influencing those perceived risks are critical to their adaptive behavior and well-planned adaptation strategies. However, there is limited understanding of these issues.

γ-Aminobutyric acid regulates both the survival and replication of human β-cells.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been shown to inhibit apoptosis of rodent β-cells in vitro. In this study, we show that activation of GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) or GABAB-Rs significantly inhibits oxidative stress-related β-cell apoptosis and preserves pancreatic β-cells in streptozotocin-rendered hyperglycemic mice. Moreover, treatment with GABA, or a GABAA-R- or GABAB-R-specific agonist, inhibited human β-cell apoptosis following islet transplantation into NOD/scid mice.

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine-mediated neuroprotection is associated with regulatory T-cell induction in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

We previously showed that, in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD), vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) prior to MPTP exposure limited the loss of striatal dopamine (DA) and dopamine transporter (DAT) and prevented the activation of nigral microglia. Here, we conducted BCG dose studies and investigated the mechanisms underlying BCG vaccination's neuroprotective effects in this model. We found that a dose of 1 × 10(6) cfu BCG led to higher levels of striatal DA and DAT ligand binding (28% and 42%, respectively) in BCG-vaccinated vs.

Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules modulate embryonic neuritogenesis and neuronal polarization.

We studied cultured hippocampal neurons from embryonic wildtype, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) heavy chain-deficient (K(b)D(b)-/-) and NSE-D(b) (which have elevated neuronal MHCI expression) C57BL/6 mice. K(b)D(b)-/- neurons displayed slower neuritogenesis and establishment of polarity, while NSE-D(b) neurons had faster neurite outgrowth, more primary neurites, and tended to have accelerated polarization. Additional studies with ß2M-/- neurons, exogenous ß2M, and a self-MHCI monomer suggest that free heavy chain cis interactions with other surface molecules can promote neuritogenesis while tripartite MHCI interactions with classical MHCI receptors can inhibit axon outgrowth.

Oral treatment with γ-aminobutyric acid improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by inhibiting inflammation in high fat diet-fed mice.

Adipocyte and β-cell dysfunction and macrophage-related chronic inflammation are critical for the development of obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which can be negatively regulated by Tregs. Our previous studies and those of others have shown that activation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors inhibits inflammation in mice. However, whether GABA could modulate high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance has not been explored.