Surgical Outcomes of Revision Orbital Reconstruction in Patients With Inadequate Primary Orbital Fracture Repair.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with complications following inadequate primary orbital fracture repair and to evaluate surgical outcomes of secondary revision orbital reconstruction.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed data from 41 patients who underwent revision orbital reconstruction by a single surgeon following complications from primary orbital fracture repair performed elsewhere. Clinical characteristics, including enophthalmos, exophthalmos, diplopia, ocular motility limitation, epiphora, infraorbital hypoesthesia, infection, eyelid malposition, lagophthalmos, hypoglobus, and compressive optic neuropathy, were assessed.

Efficacy and safety of intravenous glucocorticoid therapy for IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) glucocorticoid therapy with those of oral glucocorticoids as a first-line treatment for IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent systemic glucocorticoid therapy for biopsy-proven IgG4-ROD from June 2012 to June 2022. Glucocorticoids were given either oral prednisolone at an initial dose of 0.

Effectiveness of An Intraoperative Lagophthalmos Formula for Levator Resection in Patients With Congenital Ptosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intraoperative lagophthalmos formula (IOLF) for levator resection in congenital ptosis and investigate the optimal preoperative conditions for IOLF application.

Methods: This retrospective interventional cohort study evaluated 30 eyelids of 22 patients with congenital ptosis who underwent levator resection using the IOLF to calculate the extent of surgical correction under general anesthesia. Surgical success was defined as margin reflex distance-1 (MRD1)≥3 mm in each eye and a difference of MRD1 1 mm between the eyes at 6 months postoperatively.

Update on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Conjunctival Melanoma.

The management of conjunctival melanoma is challenging due to the more frequent local recurrence and metastasis compared to other conjunctival neoplasms. Locally advanced conjunctival melanoma may require an orbital exenteration, and treatment options for metastatic conjunctival melanoma have been limited until recently. This review aims to provide comprehensive updates on immunotherapy for conjunctival melanoma, focusing on immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Clinical and Radiological Features of Diffuse Lacrimal Gland Enlargement: Comparisons among Various Etiologies in 91 Biopsy-Confirmed Patients.

Objective: To compare the clinical and radiological features of various etiologies of chronic diffuse lacrimal gland enlargement.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 91 consecutive patients who underwent surgical biopsy for chronic diffuse lacrimal gland enlargement and were diagnosed with non-specific dacryoadenitis (DA) (n = 42), immunoglobulin G4-related dacryoadenitis (IgG4-RD) (n = 33), and lymphoma (n = 16). Data on patient demographics, clinical presentation, and CT imaging findings (n = 73) and MRI (n = 43) were collected.

Quantitative analysis of morphological and functional alterations of the meibomian glands in eyes with marginal entropion.

Purpose: To quantitatively analyze morphological and functional alterations of the meibomian glands in eyes with marginal entropion and their changes after surgery.

Methods: Sixty eyes of 52 patients with marginal entropion and underwent meibography and interferometer were included. One-hundred and seventeen age- and sex-matched eyes with minimal to mild meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were recruited as control eyes.

Bony nasolacrimal duct size and outcomes of nasolacrimal silicone intubation for incomplete primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Purpose: To investigate the association between the bony nasolacrimal duct (NLD) size and outcomes of nasolacrimal silicone intubation for incomplete primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).

Methods: Patients who underwent silicone intubation for incomplete PANDO and had undergone facial computed tomography (CT) were included. Surgical success was judged by both epiphora improvement and normalized tear meniscus height (TMH; < 300 μm) on anterior segment optical coherence tomography at 3 months after tube removal.

Clinical analysis of ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.

Purpose: To analyse the incidence and characteristics of ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (OAML) with immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD), and to compare with IgG4-negative OAML.

Methods: We enrolled 130 patients with pathology-confirmed OAML at a single tertiary medical centre. Patients were divided into IgG4-positive and IgG4-negative groups based on the pathologic criteria for IgG4-ROD.

Efficacy and Safety of Inhalation Sedation during Office Probing for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.

We compared the effectiveness of inhaled sevoflurane versus physical restraint during probing in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). We performed a retrospective review of children with CNLDO who underwent office probing procedures by a single surgeon under sedation or restraint. Patients' characteristics at the time of probing, including age, sex, laterality, previous non-surgical treatment, presence of dacryocystitis, outcomes of probing, and complications were compared between the sedation and restraint groups.

The clinical spectrum of periorbital vascular complications after facial injection.

Background: Serious complications due to periorbital vascular occlusion can occur after facial injections, including skin necrosis, ophthalmoplegia, blepharoptosis, and visual loss. Visual loss after facial filler injection is particularly rare, but it is known to have a poor prognosis despite treatment.

Aims: This study aimed to describe the prognosis and various clinical features of periorbital vascular complications after facial injection of cosmetic filler or local anesthetic.

Correlation between body composition and blepharoptosis in adults.

Background: The present study aimed to explore the association between body composition indices, such as fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM), and blepharoptosis.

Methods: The study evaluated 12,168 Korean adults aged 40 years or older using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2011). FM index (FMI, kg/m) and LBM index (LBMI, kg/m) were used to correct for the effects of body size.

Reconstruction of Large Upper Eyelid Defects Using the Reverse Hughes Flap Combined With a Sandwich Graft of an Acellular Dermal Matrix.

Purpose: To investigate the usefulness of the reverse Hughes flap procedure combined with a sandwich graft of an acellular dermal matrix for reconstruction of large full-thickness defects of upper eyelids after cancer excision.

Methods: Clinical data were obtained from patients who underwent upper eyelid reconstruction using a reverse Hughes flap combined with a sandwich graft of an acellular dermal matrix (AlloDerm) as a tarsal substitute. The tarsoconjunctival flap of the donor lower eyelid was mobilized to reconstruct the posterior lamella, and acellular dermal matrix was grafted onto the tarsoconjunctival flap.

Prognostic factors for relapse and survival among patients with ocular adnexal lymphoma: validation of the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM classification.

Background/aims: To validate the prognostic performance of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) eighth edition classification for ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL).

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 140 consecutive patients treated for primary OAL between March 2010 and September 2017. Associations between T/N/M categories at presentation and disease-related outcomes, including relapse, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the lateral rectus muscle: Suture technique to prevent postoperative strabismus.

Purpose: We present a rare case of intramuscular alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) of the lateral rectus (LR) muscle and the surgical technique used to maintain orthotropia after complete resection of the mass.

Observations: A 5-year-old boy presented with progressive proptosis of the left eye due to an orbital tumor. The patient was previously diagnosed with ASPS of the left LR muscle from an incisional biopsy, and the tumor size increased despite 5 cycles of chemotherapy prior to presenting to our center.

Association of T and N Categories of the American Joint Commission on Cancer, 8th Edition, With Metastasis and Survival in Patients With Orbital Sarcoma.

Importance: No previous studies to date have validated the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition of the TNM classification for orbital sarcoma.

Objectives: To determine the prognostic performance of the most recent TNM classification for orbital sarcoma and to identify other prognostic factors for local recurrence, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and death due to disease.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 73 consecutive patients treated for orbital sarcoma from March 1, 2003, through June 30, 2018.

Validation Study of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, Eighth Edition, Staging System for Eyelid and Periocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Importance: To our knowledge, there are no validation studies to date of the prognostic value of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, eighth edition (AJCC 8), criteria for eyelid and periocular squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To determine the association of tumor (T) category in AJCC 8 with local recurrence, nodal metastasis, distant metastasis, and disease-specific survival (DSS) for eyelid and periocular squamous cell carcinoma.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, 109 consecutive patients with eyelid and periocular squamous cell carcinoma treated from January 1999 to April 2018 were included.

Predictors of Local Recurrence for Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Questionable Value of Routine Conjunctival Map Biopsies for Detection of Pagetoid Spread.

Purpose: To identify clinicopathologic factors associated with local recurrence of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma and determine whether routine conjunctival map biopsies are necessary to detect pagetoid spread.

Methods: The authors searched PubMed for articles on eyelid sebaceous carcinoma and pagetoid spread published in English during 1982 to 2018, and they reviewed 99 consecutive patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma who underwent surgical excision with frozen section control of margins performed by 1 author (BE) during 1999 to 2017.

Results: Local recurrence rates after surgery were 5% to 25% in the literature and 6% in the authors' cohort.

Repeated injections of botulinum toxin-A for epiphora in lacrimal drainage disorders: qualitative and quantitative assessment.

Purpose: To report the outcome of repeated botulinum toxin-A (BTA) injections in the lacrimal glands in patients with epiphora.

Methods: We performed retrospective chart review of patients who were injected with 2.5 units of BTA in the lacrimal gland.

Generation of customized orbital implant templates using 3-dimensional printing for orbital wall reconstruction.

Objectives: To describe and evaluate a novel surgical approach to orbital wall reconstruction that uses three-dimensionally (3D) printed templates to mold a customized orbital implant.

Methods: A review was conducted of 11 consecutive patients who underwent orbital wall reconstruction using 3D-printed customized orbital implant templates. In these procedures, the orbital implant was 3D pressed during surgery and inserted into the fracture site.

Prognostic factors for local recurrence, metastasis and survival for sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid: observations in 100 patients.

Background/aims: To validate the predictive value of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th-edition classification for local recurrence, metastasis and survival in patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 100 consecutive patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma. Eyelid carcinomas were staged according to the AJCC 7th-edition and 8th-edition criteria.

Intraoperative lagophthalmos formula for levator resection in congenital ptosis.

Aim: To calculate a regression formula for intraoperative lagophthalmos to determine the amount of correction in levator resection for mild to moderate congenital ptosis.

Methods: This retrospective study included 38 eyelids from 28 consecutive children with congenital ptosis with levator function of 4 mm or better who showed satisfactory surgical outcomes defined as postoperative margin reflex distance-1 (MRD1) ≥3 mm in each eye and difference in MRD1 ≤1 mm between eyes at 6 months after levator resection. We investigated whether the degree of intraoperative lagophthalmos measured by calliper correlated with the preoperative values of MRD1, levator function and age.