PEBP1 inhibits intestinal stem cell aging via suppression of ERK pathway.

The intestine is a high cellular turnover tissue largely dependent on the regenerative function of stem cell throughout life, and a signaling center for the health and viability of organisms. Therefore, better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) regenerative potential is essential for the possible intervention of aging process and age-related diseases. midgut is a well-established model system for studying the mechanisms underlying ISC regenerative potential during aging.

Efficacy of rhBMP-2 Loaded PCL/-TCP/bdECM Scaffold Fabricated by 3D Printing Technology on Bone Regeneration.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL)/-tricalcium phosphate (-TCP) scaffold containing bone demineralized and decellularized extracellular matrix (bdECM) and human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on bone regeneration. Scaffolds were divided into PCL/-TCP, PCL/-TCP/bdECM, and PCL/-TCP/bdECM/BMP groups. In vitro release kinetics of rhBMP-2 were determined with respect to cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.

Effect of heterochromatin stability on intestinal stem cell aging in Drosophila.

Chromatin change is one of the crucial causes of aging. Specifically, maintenance of heterochromatin stability is critical for cellular integrity, and its loss induces genomic instability and cellular aging. However, the causes and effects of heterochromatin instability in multicellular tissue aging still remain unclear.

Deficiency in DNA damage response of enterocytes accelerates intestinal stem cell aging in .

Stem cell dysfunction is closely linked to tissue and organismal aging and age-related diseases, and heavily influenced by the niche cells' environment. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a key pathway for tissue degeneration and organismal aging; however, the precise protective role of DDR in stem cell/niche aging is unclear. The midgut is an excellent model to study the biology of stem cell/niche aging because of its easy genetic manipulation and its short lifespan.

Deficiency of Atg6 impairs beneficial effect of metformin on intestinal stem cell aging in Drosophila.

Age-related changes of adult stem cell are crucial for tissue aging and age-related diseases. Thus, clarifying mechanisms to prevent adult stem cell aging is indispensable for healthy aging. Metformin, a drug for type 2 diabetes, has been highlighted for its anti-aging and anti-cancer effect.

Requirement of ATR for maintenance of intestinal stem cells in aging Drosophila.

The stem cell genomic stability forms the basis for robust tissue homeostasis, particularly in high-turnover tissues. For the genomic stability, DNA damage response (DDR) is essential. This study was focused on the role of two major DDR-related factors, ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and ATM- and RAD3-related (ATR) kinases, in the maintenance of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in the adultDrosophila midgut.

Metformin inhibits age-related centrosome amplification in Drosophila midgut stem cells through AKT/TOR pathway.

We delineated the mechanism regulating the inhibition of centrosome amplification by metformin in Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Age-related changes in tissue-resident stem cells may be closely associated with tissue aging and age-related diseases, such as cancer. Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of cancers.

Fabrication and characterization of nanoscale-roughened PCL/collagen micro/nanofibers treated with plasma for tissue regeneration.

A surface-modified electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/collagen fibrous mat was fabricated by simple coating and the selective plasma-treatment method using a template with 800 nm holes. A homogeneous nanoscale pattern (376 ± 40 nm) was successfully obtained on the collagen region coated on the PCL micro/nanofibers. The mechanical and in vitro cellular activities (cell proliferation and osteogenic activities) were evaluated and compared with controls, including electrospun PCL fibers coated with the same collagen component, to characterize the effectiveness of the coated collagen component roughened with the nanoscale.

Age-related change in γH2AX of Drosophila muscle: its significance as a marker for muscle damage and longevity.

Muscle aging is closely related to unhealthy late-life and organismal aging. Recently, the state of differentiated cells was shown to be critical to tissue homeostasis. Thus, understanding how fully differentiated muscle cells age is required for ensuring healthy aging.

Increased centrosome amplification in aged stem cells of the Drosophila midgut.

Age-related changes in long-lived tissue-resident stem cells may be tightly linked to aging and age-related diseases such as cancer. Centrosomes play key roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Supernumerary centrosomes are known to be an early event in tumorigenesis and senescence.

Functional modification of Drosophila intestinal stem cells by ionizing radiation.

Although the diverse effects of ionizing radiation on biological and pathological processes at various levels ranging from molecular to whole body are well studied, the effects on adult stem cells by ionizing radiation remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterized the functional modifications of adult Drosophila midgut intestinal stem cells after ionizing radiation treatment. A dose of 10 Gy of radiation decreased the proliferative capacity of intestinal stem cells.

A mini-review: Cell response to microscale, nanoscale, and hierarchical patterning of surface structure.

Cellular behavior can be influenced by the chemical and physical surface characteristics of biomedical substrates. To understand the relationships between various topographical surface patterns and cellular activities, various types of pattern models have been developed and examined in a range of sizes (microscale, nanoscale, and hierarchical structures consisting of both) and shapes (pillar, hole, groove, grate, grid, and island). Here, we review fabrication methods for obtaining physically patterned microscale and nanoscale surfaces, and discuss the relationships between cellular responses and physically patterned surfaces, which could be applied to various biomedical scaffolds used in tissue engineering applications.

A surface-modified poly(ɛ-caprolactone) scaffold comprising variable nanosized surface-roughness using a plasma treatment.

Melt-plotted poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) has been widely applied in various tissue regenerations. However, its hydrophobic nature has hindered its usage in wider tissue engineering applications. In this study, we present the development of a porous and multilayered PCL scaffold, which shows outstanding hydrophilic properties and has a roughened surface consisting of homogeneously distributed nanosized pits.

Preparation and characterization of an electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibrous mat and multi-layered PCL scaffolds having a nanosized pattern-surface for tissue regeneration.

A method for fabrication of nanoscale surface patterns on electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers and melt-plotted PCL struts was developed. Physical patterns were achieved using selective plasma treatment in the presence of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template (800 nm). The nanoscale-patterned surfaces were evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and topological analyses.

Mechanism of metformin: inhibition of DNA damage and proliferative activity in Drosophila midgut stem cell.

Age-related changes in stem cells could have a profound impact on tissue aging and the development of age-related diseases such as cancer. However, the effects of metformin, a recently recognized anti-cancer drug, on stem cell aging remain largely unknown. In the present study, an experiment was set up to investigate the underlying mechanism of metformin's beneficial effects on age-related changes in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) derived from Drosophila midgut.

Effects of a cell-imprinted poly(dimethylsiloxane) surface on the cellular activities of MG63 osteoblast-like cells: preparation of a patterned surface, surface characterization, and bone mineralization.

To understand the relationship between surface patterns and cellular activities, various types of pattern models have been investigated. In this study, we suggest a new surface pattern model, which replicates proliferated cells. We used osteoblast-like cells (MG63) as a target cell pattern and constructed various cell-imprinted surfaces using an electric field assisted casting method for different culturing times (4 h and 7 and 14 days).

Electric field-aided formation combined with a nanoimprinting technique for replicating a plant leaf.

The surface of the taro plant leaf was replicated using a nanoimprinting technique (NIT) supplemented with an electric field. This field-aided nanoimprinting method (FA-NIT) consists of two steps: applying an electric field to a liquid polymer under the plant leaves and the curing process of the polymer with the applied electric field. An appropriate electric field was needed to induce the electrokinetic phenomena of a liquid polymer to obtain a good replicated surface.