A heterologous AZD1222 priming and BNT162b2 boosting regimen more efficiently elicits neutralizing antibodies, but not memory T cells, than the homologous BNT162b2 regimen.

Background: Comparative analyses of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses elicited by diverse prime-boost regimens are required to establish efficient regimens for the control of COVID-19.

Method: In this prospective observational cohort study, spike-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) alongside spike-specific T-cell responses in age-matched groups of homologous BNT162b2/BNT162b2 or AZD1222/AZD1222 vaccination, heterologous AZD1222/BNT162b2 vaccination, and prior wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccination were evaluated.

Results: Peak immune responses were achieved after the second vaccine dose in the naïve vaccinated groups and after the first dose in the prior infection/vaccination group.

Enhancement of cytokine-mediated NF-kappaB activation by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors in monocytic cells.

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a transcription factor that plays crucial roles in inflammation and immunity. Understanding the positive and negative regulation of NF-kappaB activity is therefore of fundamental importance. A few previous studies reported that inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway enhances lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of NF-kappaB.