Comparison of Croup Management Patterns between Pediatricians and Emergency Medicine Physicians: A Single Pediatric Emergency Department Study.

: With the advent of the field of pediatric emergency medicine, studies on the differences in treatment patterns between pediatricians and emergency medicine (EM) physicians in various pediatric conditions have been accumulating. This study aimed to compare croup (acute laryngotracheobronchitis) management patterns between pediatricians and EM physicians to enhance pediatric emergency care and inform the training of future specialists. : A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for 1676 previously healthy children diagnosed with croup who visited a single pediatric emergency department (PED) of a tertiary university-affiliated hospital in South Korea, from March 2019 to February 2023.

COVID-19, Influenza, and RSV in Children and Adults: A Clinical Comparative Study of 12,000 Cases.

(1) Respiratory virus infections, including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), seasonal influenza (FLU), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as prominent examples, can severely affect both children and adults. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of respiratory viral infections in pediatric and adult populations and to identify determinants influencing patient hospitalization. (2) This retrospective study analyzed the electronic medical records of patients admitted to a regional hospital's emergency department from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2022, to investigate the clinical characteristics and hospitalization risk factors associated with these three viruses.

The rat eustachian tube: Anatomical, histological, and radiological features.

Purpose: This study investigated the anatomical and histological characteristics of the rat Eustachian tube (E-tube) and the feasibility of Eustachian tubography in a rat model.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen male Wistar rats were used in this study, and the bilateral E-tubes of each rat were examined. Ten E-tubes were used for anatomical studies, another ten for histological analysis, and the other ten for Eustachian tubography.

Lymphatic channel sheet of polydimethylsiloxane for preventing secondary lymphedema in the rat upper limb model.

Secondary lymphedema is a severe complication of cancer treatment, but there is no effective curative method yet. Lymph node dissection and radiation therapy for cancer treatment may lead to secondary lymphedema, which is a chronic disease induced by malfunction of lymphatic flow. The lymphatic channel sheet (LCS) is an artificial micro-fluidic structure that was fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane to maintain lymphatic flow and induce lymphangiogenesis.

An Elaborate New Linker System Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of an HER2-Antibody-Drug Conjugate against Refractory HER2-Positive Cancers.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in breast and gastric cancers and this causes poor clinical outcomes. Although both T-DM1 and Enhertu are approved as an HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), the effects of these drugs are still not satisfactory to eradicate diverse tumors expressing HER2. To address this shortfall in HER2-targeted therapeutics, an elaborate cleavable linker is created and a novel HER2-targeting ADC composed with trastuzumab and monomethyl auristatin F, which is being investigated in a phase 1 clinical trial and is referred to as LegoChem Bisciences-ADC (LCB-ADC).

Acetazolamide-eluting biodegradable tubular stent prevents pancreaticojejunal anastomotic leakage.

Postoperative pancreatic fistula at the early stage can lead to auto-digestion, which may delay the recovery of the pancreaticojejunal (PJ) anastomosis. The efficacy and safety of an acetazolamide-eluting biodegradable tubular stent (AZ-BTS) for the prevention of self-digestion and intra-abdominal inflammatory diseases caused by pancreatic juice leakage after PJ anastomosis in a porcine model were investigated. The AZ-BTS was successfully fabricated using a multiple dip-coating process.

Efficacy and tolerability of metallic stent in patients with malignant prostatic obstruction secondary to prostatic cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a self-expandable covered metallic stent in patients with malignant prostatic obstruction secondary to prostate cancer (PC).

Methods: We reviewed 22 cases of insertion of self-expandable covered metallic stents with barbs. Data were collected about PC status.

Creation of an ex-vivo bovine kidney flow model for testing embolic agents: work in progress.

Objectives: To develop an ex- vivo perfusion flow model using a bovine kidney for future testing of embolic agents in an inexpensive and easy way.

Methods: Six bovine adult kidneys were used for this study. Kidneys were cannulated and perfused via a roller pump.

Local Heat Treatment for Suppressing Gastroduodenal Stent-Induced Tissue Hyperplasia Using Nanofunctionalized Self-Expandable Metallic Stent in Rat Gastric Outlet Model.

Despite the promising results from the placement of covered or uncovered self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) as a nonsurgical therapeutic option for the malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), the long patency of the stent is still limited because of stent-induced tissue hyperplasia. Here, a local heat treatment using a nanofunctionalized SEMS is proposed for suppressing stent-induced tissue hyperplasia during GOO treatment. Highly efficient photothermal gold nanoparticle (GNP) transducer-coated SEMSs (GNP-SEMSs) were prepared for local heat treatment in rat gastric outlet.

The Establishment of a Fast and Safe Orthotopic Colon Cancer Model Using a Tissue Adhesive Technique.

Purpose: We aimed to develop a novel method for orthotopic colon cancer model, using tissue adhesive in place of conventional surgical method.

Materials And Methods: RFP HCT 116 cell line were used to establish the colon cancer model. Fresh tumor tissue harvested from a subcutaneous injection was grafted into twenty nude mice, divided into group A (suture method) and group B (tissue adhesive method).

cIRCR201-dPBD, a Novel Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Dimer-Containing Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting c-Met Overexpression Tumors.

c-Met, as a receptor expressed on the cell membrane, contributes to the growth and metastasis of tumors, as well as angiogenesis, mainly through the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met axis during tumor progression. Although several c-Met inhibitors, including small molecules and monoclonal antibody inhibitors, are currently being investigated, their clinical outcomes have not been promising. Development of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) against c-Met could be an attractive therapeutic strategy that would provide superior antitumor efficacy with broad-spectrum c-Met expression levels.

Metallic Stent Mesh Coated with Silver Nanoparticles Suppresses Stent-Induced Tissue Hyperplasia and Biliary Sludge in the Rabbit Extrahepatic Bile Duct.

Recent therapeutic strategies to suppress restenosis after biliary stent placement are insufficient. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS), a stent mesh coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), for suppression of both stent-induced tissue hyperplasia and biliary sludge formation in the rabbit bile duct. The AgNP-coated SEMSs were prepared using a simple bio-inspired surface modification process.

EW-7197, a Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Type I Receptor Kinase Inhibitor, Ameliorates Acquired Lymphedema in a Mouse Tail Model.

Acquired lymphedema is a common consequence of cancer surgery. Fibrosis is one of the main causes of chronic lymphedema since it hinders lymphatic regeneration and this causes a significant decrease in lymphatic flow and accumulation of excessive protein-rich fluid. The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway is known in a process of wound repair and fibrosis.

Intragastric satiety-inducing device reduces food intake and suppresses body weight gain in a rodent model.

Background: An intragastric satiety-inducing device (ISD) (Full Sense Device; Baker, Foote, Kemmeter, Walburn, LLC, Grand Rapids, MI) is a novel weight-loss device, which may induce satiety by applying continuous pressure on the gastric cardia. This study investigated the effect of the ISD on food intake and body weight gain in a rodent model.

Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight, 250-300 g) were randomly divided into four groups of eight individuals.

A Novel Biodegradable Tubular Stent Prevents Pancreaticojejunal Anastomotic Stricture.

Stricture of pancreatic-enteric anastomoses is a major late complication of a pancreaticoduodenectomy for the treatment of a periampullary tumor and can lead to exocrine and endocrine insufficiency such as malnutrition and diabetes mellitus. We investigated the safety and efficacy of a biodegradable tubular stent (BTS) for preventing a pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) anastomotic stricture in both a rat and porcine model. The BTS was manufactured using a terpolymer comprising poly p-dioxanone, trimethylene carbonate, and glycolide.

Clinical effectiveness and safety of self-expanding metal stent placement following palliative chemotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of prior chemotherapy on self-expanding metal stent (SEMS)-related complications in patients with locally advanced primary esophageal cancer.

Materials And Methods: Data from patients with locally advanced primary esophageal cancer who received SEMS placement with or without prior chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were grouped according to prior palliative therapy: group A (n = 41) had received SEMS only, and group B (n = 64) had received palliative chemotherapy prior to SEMS placement.

Fluoroscopic Balloon Dilation Using a Flexible Guide Wire to Treat Obstructive Eustachian Tube Dysfunction.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the midterm outcomes of fluoroscopic eustachian tube (E-tube) balloon dilation by using a flexible guide wire in patients with obstructive E-tube dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: From October 2016 to September 2017, adult outpatients with persistent otitis media who were unable to perform the Valsalva maneuver were prospectively enrolled. The analysis included 32 E-tubes from 31 patients (18 women, 13 men; mean age, 47 years old, range 25-72 years).

Radiation Inhibits Lymph Drainage in an Acquired Lymphedema Mouse Hindlimb Model.

Radiation therapy has been applied to prolong the duration of lymphedema. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of radiation on the development of lymphedema in a mouse hindlimb model. A total of 24 Balb/c mice underwent the right popliteal lymph node excision and the afferent and efferent lymphatics blockage.

Fully covered self-expandable esophageal metallic stents in patients with inoperable malignant disease who survived for more than 6 months after stent placement.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical outcomes of fully covered self-expanding metal stent (FCSEMS) placement in patients with malignant esophageal obstruction who survived longer than 6 months.

Methods: From January 2002 to January 2018, 88 FCSEMS were placed in 64 patients (mean age 62.9 ± 11.

Fluoroscopic self-expandable metallic stent placement for treating post-operative nonanastomotic strictures in the proximal small bowel: a 15-year single institution experience.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fluoroscopic self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement for treating postoperative nonanastomotic strictures in the proximal small bowel.

Methods: Data from 8 consecutive patients (mean age, 63.8 ± 6.

A Novel Full Sense Device to Treat Obesity in a Porcine Model: Preliminary Results.

Purpose: To evaluate the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a novel full sense device (FSD) for the treatment of obesity in a porcine model.

Materials And Methods: The novel FSD comprised a self-expanding metallic esophageal stent connected to a star-shaped nitinol disk. Three types of FSD were used: fully covered (type A), fully covered with barbs (type B), and uncovered with barbs (type C).

Development and Evaluation of a New Volume Measuring System in Mouse Tail Lymphedema Model.

Secondary lymphedema is a common complication of parasitization and breast or gynecologic cancer therapy; however, options for the treatment of lymphedema are ineffective and limited. A mouse tail model is one of the most successful animal models for a lymphatic study. Lymphedema of the mouse tail is characterized by increases in the volume of the extremity caused by accumulation of tissue fluid, proliferation of fibroblasts and adipocytes, and excessive production of collagen.