Preventive role of Pastinaca sativa in mitigating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via modulation of metabolic endotoxemia.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading global liver disorder. Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), rich in dietary fiber and medicinal properties, has shown health benefits, but its effects on MASLD are largely unexplored. This study evaluated the prebiotic and anti-MASLD effects of parsnip root water-soluble extract (PRE) in a mouse model.

Prebiotic Activity of Rhizome Extract and Its Effects on Obesity and Gut Inflammation.

(sweet flag), a medicinal plant, especially its rhizome, shows strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; however, its efficacy in treating intestinal inflammation and obesity is still unexplored. In this study, we investigated the prebiotic activity of sweet flag rhizome extract (SRE) and its preventive effects against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and colonic inflammation. The prebiotic activity was assessed based on the prebiotic activity scores of four probiotic strains.

The Role of Diet, Additives, and Antibiotics in Metabolic Endotoxemia and Chronic Diseases.

: Dietary patterns, including high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets (HFDs and HCDs), as well as non-dietary factors such as food additives and antibiotics, are strongly linked to metabolic endotoxemia, a critical driver of low-grade chronic inflammation. This review explores the mechanisms through which these factors impair intestinal permeability, disrupt gut microbial balance, and facilitate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation into the bloodstream, contributing to metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory bowel disease. : The analysis integrates findings from recent studies on the effects of dietary components and gut microbiota interactions on intestinal barrier function and systemic inflammation.

Comparing Large Language Model and Human Reader Accuracy with Image Challenge Case Image Inputs.

Background Application of multimodal large language models (LLMs) with both textual and visual capabilities has been steadily increasing, but their ability to interpret radiologic images is still doubted. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of LLMs and compare it with that of human readers with varying levels of experience and to assess the factors affecting LLM accuracy in answering Image Challenge cases. Materials and Methods Radiologic images of cases from October 13, 2005, to April 18, 2024, were retrospectively reviewed.

Comparing Diagnostic Accuracy of Radiologists versus GPT-4V and Gemini Pro Vision Using Image Inputs from Diagnosis Please Cases.

Background The diagnostic abilities of multimodal large language models (LLMs) using direct image inputs and the impact of the temperature parameter of LLMs remain unexplored. Purpose To investigate the ability of GPT-4V and Gemini Pro Vision in generating differential diagnoses at different temperatures compared with radiologists using Diagnosis Please cases. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included Diagnosis Please cases published from January 2008 to October 2023.

Lactococcus lactis KF140 Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by N-Carboxymethyl-Lysine and High-Fat Diet.

Scope: Long-term consumption of excessive dietary advanced glycation end-products such as N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), which are produced by the Maillard reaction during food thermal processing, leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) along with high fat consumption. The study previously finds that administration of Lactococcus lactis KF140 (LL-KF140) detoxifies CML by decreasing CML absorption both in a rat model and clinical trial.

Methods And Results: The present study evaluates the ameliorative effect of LL-KF140 on NAFLD and fatty liver-related biomarkers in a mouse model induced by CML and high fat.

Ameliorating effects of Orostachys japonica against high-fat diet-induced obesity and gut dysbiosis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Orostachys japonica (rock pine) has been used as a folk remedy to treat inflammation, hepatitis, and cancer in East Asia.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rock pine extract (RPE) on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice and to examine its effects on gut dysbiosis.

Materials And Methods: The characteristic compound of RPE, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Resistant starch-enriched brown rice exhibits prebiotic properties and enhances gut health in obese mice.

Resistant starch serves as a prebiotic in the large intestine, aiding in the maintenance of a healthy intestinal environment and mitigating associated chronic illnesses. This study aimed to investigate the impact of resistant starch-enriched brown rice (RBR) on intestinal health and functionality. We assessed changes in resistant starch concentration, structural alterations, and branch chain length distribution throughout the digestion process using an in vitro model.

Development of statistical auto-segmentation method for diffusion restriction gray matter lesions in patients with newly diagnosed sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Quantification of diffusion restriction lesions in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) may provide information of the disease burden. We aim to develop an automatic segmentation model for sCJD and to evaluate the volume of disease extent as a prognostic marker for overall survival. Fifty-six patients (mean age ± SD, 61.

Diet-Induced Gut Dysbiosis and Leaky Gut Syndrome.

Chronic gut inflammation promotes the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity. There is growing evidence which suggests that dysbiosis in gut microbiota and metabolites disrupt the integrity of the intestinal barrier and significantly impact the level of inflammation in various tissues, including the liver and adipose tissues. Moreover, dietary sources are connected to the development of leaky gut syndrome through their interaction with the gut microbiota.

Enhancing local recurrence detection in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma: value of short-term Ultrasonography added to post-operative MRI surveillance.

Background: Limited data exist on the optimal postoperative surveillance protocol for high-grade soft tissue sarcoma, particularly regarding the optimal imaging modality and imaging interval for detecting local recurrence. This study aimed to assess the benefit of short-term postoperative ultrasonography (USG) for detecting local recurrence in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed high-grade soft tissue sarcoma who underwent surgical resection between January 2010 and June 2020 were included.

Investigation of Drug-Interaction Potential for Arthritis Dietary Supplements: Chondroitin Sulfate, Glucosamine, and Methylsulfonylmethane.

Osteoarthritis is one of the leading conditions that promote the consumption of these dietary supplements. Chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, and methylsulfonylmethane are among the prominent alternative treatments for osteoarthritis. In this study, these dietary supplements were incubated with cytochrome P450 isozyme-specific substrates in human liver microsomes, and the formation of marker metabolites was measured to investigate their inhibitory potential on cytochrome P450 enzyme activities.

Thyme Extract Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Gut Dysfunction.

Prolonged intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) disturbs the composition of gut microbiota, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases, notably obesity and increased intestinal permeability. Thyme ( L.), an aromatic plant, is known for its several therapeutic properties.

Dietary N-(carboxymethyl)lysine is a trigger of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease under high-fat consumption.

The irreversible glycation of proteins produces advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are triggered to bind the receptor for AGE (RAGE), thereby activating mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and stimulating proinflammatory cytokines, ultimately leading to chronic disorders. In this study, we focus the promoting effect of N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), one of the most dietary AGEs, on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and evaluated NAFLD-related biomarkers. Oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis were assessed in oleic acid (OA)-induced HepG2 cells.

Analytical factors for eight short-chain fatty acid analyses in mouse feces through headspace solid-phase microextraction-triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

This study developed a method for quantifying eight short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mouse fecal samples using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, significant factors affecting SCFA analysis, including SPME fiber selection, pH, salting-out agent, and sample collection time, were investigated. Contrary to previous studies, we found that the CAR/PDMS fiber had the highest extraction efficiency for all SCFAs.

Prebiotic and Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Radish Green Polysaccharide.

Radish ( L.) greens are consumed as a source of nutrition, and their polysaccharides such as rhamnogalacturonan-I possess certain beneficial properties. This study investigated the prebiotic effects of a radish green polysaccharide (RGP) on gut health and obesity.

Structural characteristics of resistant starch-enriched rice during digestion and its effects on gut barrier function in high-fat induced obese mice.

Dietary supplementation with indigestible carbohydrates is known to improve the gut environment and prevent obesity and inflammatory diseases by modulating the gut microbiota. In previous work, we established a method for the production of resistant starch (RS)-enriched high-amylose rice (R-HAR) using citric acid. The present study aimed to evaluate changes in structural characteristics during digestion of R-HAR and its effects on the gut health.

Development and validation of an automatic classification algorithm for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using a high-performance interpretable deep learning network.

Objectives: To develop and validate an automatic classification algorithm for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods And Materials: This study evaluated a high-performance interpretable network algorithm (TabNet) and compared its performance with that of XGBoost, a widely used classifier. Brain segmentation was performed using a commercially approved software.

COVID-19 spike polypeptide vaccine reduces the pathogenesis and viral infection in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2.

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which causes a respiratory disease called COVID-19, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and is still ongoing. Vaccination is the most important strategy to end the pandemic. Several vaccines have been approved, as evidenced by the ongoing global pandemic, but the pandemic is far from over and no fully effective vaccine is yet available.

Extract Prevents Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Improving Gut Health.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major chronic liver disease. Chronic alcohol consumption induces dysbiosis, disruption of gut barrier function, oxidative stress, inflammation, and changes in lipid metabolism, thereby leading to ALD. In this study, we investigated whether the commercial extract Nonitri can ameliorate ALD symptoms through the gut-liver axis.

Anti-obesity effects of red pepper ( L.) leaf extract on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high fat diet-fed mice.

Patients with obesity mostly have metabolic syndrome and this can lead to multiple health problems. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effect of water-soluble red pepper ( L.) leaf extract (PLE) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice.

Use of "Diagnostic Yield" in Imaging Research Reports: Results from Articles Published in Two General Radiology Journals.

Objective: "Diagnostic yield," also referred to as the detection rate, is a parameter positioned between diagnostic accuracy and diagnosis-related patient outcomes in research studies that assess diagnostic tests. Unfamiliarity with the term may lead to incorrect usage and delivery of information. Herein, we evaluate the level of proper use of the term "diagnostic yield" and its related parameters in articles published in and ().

[Brain MRI-Based Artificial Intelligence Software in Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status].

The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in the older population has increased in recent years. A considerable number of studies have been performed to characterize these diseases. Imaging analysis is an important biomarker for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease.