Triggering Reversible Intercalation-Conversion Combined Chemistry for High-Energy-Density Lithium Battery Cathodes.

Combining intercalation and conversion reactions maximizes the utilization of redox-active elements in electrodes, providing a means for overcoming the current capacity ceiling. However, integrating both mechanisms within a single electrode material presents significant challenges owing to their contrasting structural requirements. Intercalation requires a well-defined host structure for efficient lithium-ion diffusion, whereas conversion reactions entail structural reorganization, which can undermine intercalation capabilities.

H1N1 nanobody development and therapeutic efficacy verification in H1N1-challenged mice.

Influenza A virus causes numerous deaths and infections worldwide annually. Therefore, we have considered nanobodies as a potential treatment for patients with severe cases of influenza. We developed a nanobody that was expected to have protective efficacy against the A/California/04/2009 (CA/04; pandemic 2009 flu strain) and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy against CA/04 in mice experiments.

Electrochemomechanical failure in layered oxide cathodes caused by rotational stacking faults.

Electrochemomechanical degradation is one of the most common causes of capacity deterioration in high-energy-density cathodes, particularly intercalation-based layered oxides. Here we reveal the presence of rotational stacking faults (RSFs) in layered lithium transition-metal oxides, arising from specific stacking sequences at different angles, and demonstrate their critical role in determining structural/electrochemical stability. Our combined experiments and calculations show that RSFs facilitate oxygen dimerization and transition-metal migration in layered oxides, fostering microcrack nucleation/propagation concurrently with cumulative electrochemomechanical degradation on cycling.

Slab gliding, a hidden factor that induces irreversibility and redox asymmetry of lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes.

Lithium-rich layered oxides, despite their potential as high-energy-density cathode materials, are impeded by electrochemical performance deterioration upon anionic redox. Although this deterioration is believed to primarily result from structural disordering, our understanding of how it is triggered and/or occurs remains incomplete. Herein, we propose a theoretical picture that clarifies the irreversible transformation and redox asymmetry of lithium-rich layered oxides by introducing a series of global and local dynamic structural evolution processes involving slab gliding and transition-metal migration.

Characterization of ibuprofen removal by calcined spherical hydrochar through adsorption experiments, molecular modeling, and artificial neural network predictions.

Ibuprofen (IPF) is one of the most prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in recent times, but it is not readily removed in conventional wastewater treatments. Here, we investigate the adsorption characteristics of IPF onto calcined spherical hydrochar (CSH), which was synthesized through hydrothermal carbonization of sucrose followed by calcination. The adsorption experiments show that the equilibration time for IPF was 360 min, and a pseudo-second-order model was best fitted to the kinetic data.

Coupling structural evolution and oxygen-redox electrochemistry in layered transition metal oxides.

Lattice oxygen redox offers an unexplored way to access superior electrochemical properties of transition metal oxides (TMOs) for rechargeable batteries. However, the reaction is often accompanied by unfavourable structural transformations and persistent electrochemical degradation, thereby precluding the practical application of this strategy. Here we explore the close interplay between the local structural change and oxygen electrochemistry during short- and long-term battery operation for layered TMOs.

Metal-organic framework MIL-100(Fe) for dye removal in aqueous solutions: Prediction by artificial neural network and response surface methodology modeling.

In this study, a metal organic framework MIL-100(Fe) was synthesized for rhodamine B (RB) removal from aqueous solutions. An experimental design was conducted using a central composite design (CCD) method to obtain the RB adsorption data (n = 30) from batch experiments. In the CCD approach, solution pH, adsorbent dose, and initial RB concentration were included as input variables, whereas RB removal rate was employed as an output variable.

Synthesis of Monolayer Gold Nanorings Sandwich Film and Its Higher Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Intensity.

Most previous studies relating to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signal enhancement were focused on the interaction between the light and the substrate in the - axis. 3D SERS substrates reported in the most of previous papers could contribute partial SERS enhancement via axis, but the increases of the surface area were the main target for those reports. However, the axis is also useful in achieving improved SERS intensity.

Optimized Gemcitabine Therapy in Combination with E7 Peptide Immunization Elicits Tumor Cure by Preventing Ag-Specific CTL Inhibition in Animals with Large Established Tumors.

The role of chemotherapeutic agents in tumor immunotherapy is still controversial. In this study, we test using a TC-1 tumor model whether gemcitabine plus E7 peptide vaccine regimens (E7 peptides+CpG-ODN+anti-4-1BB Abs) may result in tumor cure in mice with large established tumors, with a focus on their effects on Ag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and myeloid-derived suppressor cell levels. Gemcitabine inhibited tumor growth by its direct cytotoxicity to tumor cells in vivo.

Purification and characterization of monoclonal IgG antibodies recognizing Ebola virus glycoprotein.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to purify and characterize Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP)-specific IgG antibodies from hybridoma clones.

Materials And Methods: For hybridoma production, mice were injected by intramuscular-electroporation with GP DNA vaccines, and boosted with GP vaccines. The spleen cells were used for producing GP-specific hybridoma.

PAL-XFEL soft X-ray scientific instruments and X-ray optics: First commissioning results.

We report an overview of soft X-ray scientific instruments and X-ray optics at the free electron laser (FEL) of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, with selected first-commissioning results. The FEL exhibited a pulse energy of 200 μJ/pulse, a pulse width of <50 fs full width at half maximum, and an energy bandwidth of 0.44% at a photon energy of 850 eV.

Perception and use of balance measures for stroke patients among physical therapists in South Korea.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study looked into physical therapists' perception and use of balance measures for stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Three hundred eighty two physical therapists who understood the purpose of this study, agreed on their participation in this study, were treating or treated stroke patients. A Cross-sectional study based on self-administered questionnaire that had a total of 41 questions was performed in South Korea.

Effect of the Schroth method of emphasis of active holding on Cobb's angle in patients with scoliosis: a case report.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the Schroth method (three-dimensional convergence exercise) of emphasis of active holding on pain and Cobb's angle in patients with scoliosis. [Subjects and Methods] It applied the Schroth method program of emphasis of active holding individually to three subjects three time per week for 15 weeks. All subject were measured Cobb's angle and pain.

Component conversion from pure Au nanorods to multiblock Ag-Au-Ag nanorods assisted by Pt nanoframe templates.

We developed a new method for synthesizing multiblock Ag-Au-Ag nanorods using Pt nanoframes that had been deposited on the edges of Au nanorod seeds. As a function of Au etching time, the length of the Au nanorod decreased symmetrically starting from the two ends, leading to the formation of empty inner space at the ends. Subsequent reduction of Ag ions could be selectively performed in the inner space confined by Pt nanoframes and the resulting Ag-Au-Ag nanorods exhibited characteristic LSPR modes originating from each block component (in a transverse direction) and SPR coupling (in a longitudinal direction).

Synthesis and optical property characterization of elongated AuPt and Pt@Au metal nanoframes.

We report a facile method to synthesize elongated nanoframes consisting of Pt and Au in solution. Pentagonal Au nanorods served as templates and successfully led to an elongated AuPt nanoframe after etching the core Au. Subsequently, the coating of Au around Pt ridges resulted in Pt@Au metal nanoframes.

Close-packed two-dimensional silver nanoparticle arrays: quadrupolar and dipolar surface plasmon resonance coupling.

Silver nanoparticles (NPs) ranging in size from 40 to 100 nm were prepared in high yield by using an improved seed-mediated method. The homogeneous Ag NPs were used as building blocks for 2D assembled Ag NP arrays by using an oil/water interface. A close-packed 2D array of Ag NPs was fabricated by using packing molecules (3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane) to control the interparticle spacing.

Fabrication of shape-controlled reduced graphene oxide nanorings by Au@Pt nanoring lithography.

We fabricated a variety of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanoring arrays using Au@Pt nanoplates as a pattern mask. RGO nanoflakes were assembled into a 2-dimensional assembly at the water-oil interface, and then various shapes of Au@Pt nanoplates were utilized as a pattern mask in order to convert the RGO into circular, triangular, and hexagonal RGO nanorings.

Fabrication of a graphene nanomesh using a platinum nano-network as a pattern mask.

Here, we report a facile method to fabricate a graphene nanomesh (GNM) by using a platinum (Pt) metal nano-network as a pattern mask. A hexagonally ordered Pt nano-network (i.e.

Synthesis of hollow and nanoporous gold/platinum alloy nanoparticles and their electrocatalytic activity for formic acid oxidation.

In this work, hollow Au/Pt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with porous surfaces were synthesized in a two-step procedure. In the first step, tri-component Ag/Au/Pt alloy NPs were synthesized through the galvanic replacement reaction between Ag NPs and aqueous solutions containing a mixture of HAuCl(4) and H(2)PtCl(4). In the second step, the Ag component was selectively dealloyed with nitric acid (HNO(3)), resulting in hollow di-component Au/Pt alloy NPs with a porous surface morphology.

All graphene-based thin film transistors on flexible plastic substrates.

High-performance, flexible all graphene-based thin film transistor (TFT) was fabricated on plastic substrates using a graphene active layer, graphene oxide (GO) dielectrics, and graphene electrodes. The GO dielectrics exhibit a dielectric constant (3.1 at 77 K), low leakage current (17 mA/cm(2)), breakdown bias (1.