Evaluating the impact of pre-hospital trauma team activation criteria.

Background: Little evidence exists studying the benefits of pre-hospital trauma team activation. Our study measured the impact of pre-hospital trauma team activation on 24-h survival. Our secondary objectives assessed the effects of pre-hospital trauma team activation on time to emergency procedure, computed tomography, blood transfusion, and critical administration threshold, as well as emergency department length of stay.

Gender-specific moderating role of abdominal obesity in the relationship between handgrip strength and cognitive impairment.

Background & Aims: Both low handgrip strength (HGS) and abdominal obesity (AO) are associated with cognitive impairment. However, it remains unclear whether low HGS and AO interact to affect cognition, and whether the synergistic effect varies by gender. This study aimed to examine whether the association between low HGS and incident cognitive impairment was moderated by AO among Chinese older men and women.

Cone-beam computed tomography image-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for lung nodules in a hybrid operating room: an initial experience.

Objectives: The experience of thermal ablation of lung lesions is limited, especially performing the procedure under localisation by cone-beam CT in the hybrid operation room (HOR). Here, we present the experience of microwave ablation (MWA) of lung nodules in the HOR.

Methods: We reviewed patients who underwent image-guide percutaneous MWA for lung nodules in the HOR under general anaesthesia between July 2020 and July 2022.

Rapid detection of gastrointestinal pathogens using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction gastrointestinal panel and its role in antimicrobial stewardship.

Objectives: The FilmArray gastrointestinal panel (FAGIP) is widely used to detect infectious diarrhoea due to its outstanding sensitivity compared to conventional methods, but there is geographic variation, such as in the distribution of pathogens, among populations.

Methods: This was a retrospective study that analysed patients with acute diarrhoea who underwent FAGIP tests from all age groups during 2022. We compared positive rates of FAGIP between paediatric (n = 245) and adult patients (n = 242) of different origins.

Effect of Real-Time Computer-Aided Polyp Detection System (ENDO-AID) on Adenoma Detection in Endoscopists-in-Training: A Randomized Trial.

Background: The effect of computer-aided polyp detection (CADe) on adenoma detection rate (ADR) among endoscopists-in-training remains unknown.

Methods: We performed a single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial in Hong Kong between April 2021 and July 2022 (NCT04838951). Eligible subjects undergoing screening/surveillance/diagnostic colonoscopies were randomized 1:1 to receive colonoscopies with CADe (ENDO-AID[OIP-1]) or not (control) during withdrawal.

Cooperative Armoring of CAR and TCR T Cells by T Cell-Restricted IL15 and IL21 Universally Enhances Solid Tumor Efficacy.

Purpose: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cell therapies are effective in a subset of patients with solid tumors, but new approaches are needed to universally improve patient outcomes. Here, we developed a technology to leverage the cooperative effects of IL15 and IL21, two common cytokine-receptor gamma chain family members with distinct, pleiotropic effects on T cells and other lymphocytes, to enhance the efficacy of adoptive T cells.

Experimental Design: We designed vectors that induce the constitutive expression of either membrane-tethered IL15, IL21, or IL15/IL21.

Preferences for potential benefits and risks for gene therapy in the treatment of sickle cell disease.

Objective of this study is to quantify benefit-risk tradeoffs pertaining to potential gene therapies among adults and parents/caregivers of children with sickle cell disease (SCD). A discrete-choice experiment survey was developed in which respondents selected their preferred treatment alternatives in a series of experimentally controlled pairs of hypothetical gene therapies and a "no gene therapy" option. Gene therapy alternatives were defined based on the chance of eliminating SCD symptoms, expected increases in life expectancy they could offer, treatment-related risk of death, and potential increases in lifetime cancer risk.

Predicting and Empowering Health for Generation Z by Comparing Health Information Seeking and Digital Health Literacy: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

Background: Generation Z (born 1995-2010) members are digital residents who use technology and the internet more frequently than any previous generation to learn about their health. They are increasingly moving away from conventional methods of seeking health information as technology advances quickly and becomes more widely available, resulting in a more digitalized health care system. Similar to all groups, Generation Z has specific health care requirements and preferences, and their use of technology influences how they look for health information.

Cognitive frailty in older cancer survivors and its association with health-related quality of life.

Purpose: This study aimed (1) to estimate the prevalence of cognitive frailty, (2) to identify factors associated with cognitive frailty and (3) to examine the association of cognitive frailty with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older cancer survivors.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were aged 65 or above, diagnosed with cancer and had completed cancer treatment.

Rational Simplification and Rigidity in Human Planning.

Planning underpins the impressive flexibility of goal-directed behavior. However, even when planning, people can display surprising rigidity in how they think about problems (e.g.

The autophagy protein Atg9 functions in glia and contributes to parkinsonian symptoms in a model of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits, dopaminergic neuron loss, and brain accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates called Lewy bodies. Dysfunction in protein degradation pathways, such as autophagy, has been demonstrated in neurons as a critical mechanism for eliminating protein aggregates in Parkinson's disease. However, it is less well understood how protein aggregates are eliminated in glia, the other cell type in the brain.

Key lifestyles and interim health outcomes for effective interventions in general populations: A network analysis of a large international observational study.

Background: The interconnected nature of lifestyles and interim health outcomes implies the presence of the central lifestyle, central interim health outcome and bridge lifestyle, which are yet to be determined. Modifying these factors holds immense potential for substantial positive changes across all aspects of health and lifestyles. We aimed to identify these factors from a pool of 18 lifestyle factors and 13 interim health outcomes while investigating potential gender and occupation differences.

Dyadic advance care planning: systematic review of patient-caregiver interventions and effects.

Introduction: Family caregiver's involvement in advance care planning (ACP) is essential to provide high-quality end-of-life (EOL) care and to ease the surrogate decision-making burden. However, no systematic review has focused on existing ACP interventions involving patients and their families.

Aim: To systematically summarise current ACP interventions involving patients and their families.

PAICS ubiquitination recruits UBAP2 to trigger phase separation for purinosome assembly.

Purinosomes serve as metabolons to enhance de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) efficiency through compartmentalizing DNPS enzymes during stressed conditions. However, the mechanism underpinning purinosome assembly and its pathophysiological functions remains elusive. Here, we show that K6-polyubiquitination of the DNPS enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS) by cullin-5/ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 11 (Cul5/ASB11)-based ubiquitin ligase plays a driving role in purinosome assembly.

Intergenerational reciprocity and WHO function ability domains predict loneliness in older Chinese adults.

Objectives: To examine loneliness in old age and whether intergenerational reciprocity and WHO functional ability predicted loneliness.

Methods: Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Wave 4 (2018) database (CHARLS), logistic regression models were adopted to investigate the relationships.

Results: The prevalence of loneliness was 28% in older people in China.

Human mobility networks manifest dissimilar resilience characteristics at macroscopic, substructure, and microscopic scales.

Human mobility networks can reveal insights into resilience phenomena, such as population response to, impacts on, and recovery from crises. The majority of human mobility network resilience characterizations, however, focus mainly on macroscopic network properties; little is known about variation in measured resilience characteristics (i.e.

Structural basis for the hydrolytic activity of the transpeptidase-like protein DpaA to detach Braun's lipoprotein from peptidoglycan.

Cross-linking reaction of Braun's lipoprotein (Lpp) to peptidoglycan (PG) is catalyzed by some members of the YkuD family of transpeptidases. However, the exact opposite reaction of cleaving the Lpp-PG cross-link is performed by DpaA, which is also a YkuD-like protein. In this work, we determined the crystal structure of DpaA to provide the molecular rationale for the ability of the transpeptidase-like protein to cleave, rather than form, the Lpp-PG linkage.

Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Cancer Patients After Head and Neck Surgery: A Proportional Meta-analysis.

Objective: To summarize the incidence of postoperative delirium among cancer patients undergoing head and neck surgery and determine the differential incidence rates among patients undergoing different types of head and neck surgeries.

Data Sources: The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched from inception till February 2023. Keywords based on the condition (delirium), context (postoperative), and population (head and neck cancer) were used as search terms.

Escape the Room! Utilizing Gamification in a Preceptor Training Workshop.

Gamification is an innovative pedagogy involving immersive technology that acknowledges learner-centric milieus and dynamic teaching practices. Gamification is positioned well in nursing education because learners can translate tools from team experiences, communication, and critical thinking questions into the healthcare setting. This article introduces an escape-the-room format that was constructed for a preceptor program at a large academic medical center.