Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Docetaxel/Cisplatin/5-Fluorouracil Combined with Pegteograstim for Unresectable, Locally Advanced Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: KCSG HN18-07.

Purpose: The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) has not been established prospectively. We conducted a phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (TPF) in this population.

Materials And Methods: Eligible patients had unresectable, locally advanced SNSCC, defined as T3/4 stage or potential compromise of critical organ function on surgery.

New insights into ATR inhibition in muscle invasive bladder cancer: The role of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic subunit 3B.

Background: Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC), an endogenous mutator, induces DNA damage and activates the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) pathway. Although cisplatin-based therapy is the mainstay for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), it has a poor survival rate. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an ATR inhibitor combined with cisplatin in the treatment of APOBEC catalytic subunit 3B (APOBEC3B) expressing MIBC.

Precision Oncology Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review of Phase II Clinical Trials with Biomarker-Driven, Adaptive Design.

Novel clinical trial designs are conducted in the precision medicine era. This study aimed to evaluate biomarker-driven, adaptive phase II trials in precision oncology, focusing on infrastructure, efficacy, and safety. We systematically reviewed and analyzed the target studies.

Tumor-associated microbiome features of metastatic colorectal cancer and clinical implications.

Background: Colon microbiome composition contributes to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and prognosis. We analyzed 16S rRNA sequencing data from tumor samples of patients with metastatic CRC and determined the clinical implications.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 133 patients with metastatic CRC at St.

A Phase II Trial of Nintedanib in Patients with Metastatic or Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: In-Depth Analysis of Nintedanib Arm from the KCSG HN 15-16 TRIUMPH Trial.

Purpose: Precision oncology approach for recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is necessary due to its dismal prognosis. We performed a genomic profile-based umbrella trial of patients with platinum-refractory HNSCC (KCSG-TRIUMPH). Here, we present an in-depth report of the the nintedanib arm (arm 3) of the current trial.

A phase 2 multicenter study of docetaxel-PM and trastuzumab-pkrb combination therapy in recurrent or metastatic salivary gland carcinomas.

Background: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is uncommon but is the most aggressive subtype of salivary gland carcinomas. The high positivity rate for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) led to an investigation of the efficacy of HER2-targeted agents. Docetaxel-PM (polymeric micelle) is a low-molecular-weight, nontoxic, biodegradable, and docetaxel-loaded micellar formulation.

A Randomized Phase III Study of Patients With Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma Without Progression After Six Cycles of XELOX (Capecitabine Plus Oxaliplatin) Followed by Capecitabine Maintenance or Clinical Observation.

Purpose: Oxaliplatin, a component of the capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) regimen, has a more favorable toxicity profile than cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, oxaliplatin can induce sensory neuropathy and cumulative, dose-related toxicities. Thus, the capecitabine maintenance regimen may achieve the maximum treatment effect while reducing the cumulative neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin.

Survival Outcomes after Elective or Emergency Surgery for Synchronous Stage IV Colorectal Cancer.

Patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) who have not undergone primary tumor resection (PTR) are at risk of sudden medical emergencies. Despite the ongoing controversy over the necessity and timing of PTR in patients with stage IV CRC, studies comparing the survival outcomes of elective and emergency surgery in this population are scarce. This is a retrospective study conducted at a single institute.

Plasma tumor mutation burden is associated with clinical benefit in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with anti-programmed death-1 monotherapy.

Background: The clinical utility of plasma tumor mutational burden (pTMB) requires further validation. Herein, the pTMB and genetic alterations were investigated as predictive biomarkers for anti-PD-1 monotherapy outcome in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: The GuardantOMNI panel (Guardant Health) was used to identify pTMB and genetic alterations.

Efficacy of dabrafenib/trametinib in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with BRAF NVTAP deletion: A case report.

Studies have been actively conducted to identify actionable mutations and incorporate them into clinical practice in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is known to have a poor prognosis with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. A BRAF point mutation in V600E is commonly reported in KRAS wild-type PDAC, and targeting BRAF_V600E is already being applied to various carcinomas, including PDAC. Accumulated evidence also shows that not only BRAF_V600E but also short in-frame deletions of BRAF have an oncogenic function.

Association between serum ferritin levels and colorectal cancer risk in Korea.

Background/aims: The concentration of serum ferritin, a storage form of iron, may be associated with carcinogenesis in various cancers. There are only limited studies on the relationship between serum ferritin levels and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, especially in the Asian population. This study aimed to analyze the association between CRC incidence and serum ferritin levels.

Long-Standing Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Caused by Undetectable Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Why We Should Follow-Up LEMS.

Physicians often encounter patients with unexplained muscle weakness and dysphagia. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) can cause unexplained weakness or dysphagia and is often accompanied by neoplastic conditions. A 64-year-old man who had several risk factors-14 kg weight loss over the last 4 years, 20 years of experience working as a coal miner, and being a 50 pack-year ex-smoker-complained of dysphagia, intermittent diplopia, mild weakness, and hypotonia.

A Phase II Study of Nivolumab plus Gemcitabine in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (KCSG HN17-11).

Purpose: Although programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors are promising agents for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy has shown modest efficacy. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus gemcitabine in patients with NPC who failed prior platinum-based chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: This is a phase II, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study.

Discussing POLST-facilitated hospice care enrollment in patients with terminal cancer.

Purpose: A multicenter prospective study to evaluate the feasibility of Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) in oncology practice was conducted between June and December 2017. Factors associated with POLST completion and follow-up outcomes were analyzed.

Methods: Patients with terminal cancer, aged ≥ 20 years and capable of communicating, were enrolled from seven hospitals.

Peripheral Blood-Based Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

As cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is rapidly evolving in clinical practice, it is necessary to identify biomarkers that will allow the selection of cancer patients who will benefit most or least from ICIs and to longitudinally monitor patients' immune responses during treatment. Various peripheral blood-based immune biomarkers are being identified with recent advances in high-throughput multiplexed analytical technologies. The identification of these biomarkers, which can be easily detected in blood samples using non-invasive and repeatable methods, will contribute to overcoming the limitations of previously used tissue-based biomarkers.

Immediate Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing with Cervical Spine Mobilization on the Pulmonary Function and Craniovertebral Angle in Patients with Chronic Stroke.

: Patients with stroke have a forward neck posture due to neurological damage and often have impaired pulmonary function. This study investigated the effect of diaphragmatic breathing with cervical mobilization to improve pulmonary function cervical alignments. : This study used a one-group pre-test-post-test design including 20 patients with stroke.

DeepCUBIT: Predicting Lymphovascular Invasion or Pathological Lymph Node Involvement of Clinical T1 Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer on Chest CT Scan Using Deep Cubical Nodule Transfer Learning Algorithm.

The prediction of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) or pathological nodal involvement of tumor cells is critical for successful treatment in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We developed and validated a Deep Cubical Nodule Transfer Learning Algorithm (DeepCUBIT) using transfer learning and 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to predict LVI or pathological nodal involvement on chest CT images. A total of 695 preoperative CT images of resected NSCLC with tumor size of less than or equal to 3 cm from 2008 to 2015 were used to train and validate the DeepCUBIT model using five-fold cross-validation method.

DeepRePath: Identifying the Prognostic Features of Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Using Multi-Scale Pathology Images and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.

The prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), especially early-stage LUAD, is dependent on clinicopathological features. However, its predictive utility is limited. In this study, we developed and trained a DeepRePath model based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) using multi-scale pathology images to predict the prognosis of patients with early-stage LUAD.

Effects of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Gait Performance, Respiratory Function, and Psychological Variables in Patients Post-Stroke.

Background: Animal-assisted therapy using dogs is being administered to patients post-stroke for the purpose of recovering psychological and physical activity.

Objective: This study was conducted to confirm the effect of animal-assisted therapy using dogs on gait performance, pulmonary function, and psychological variables in patients post-stroke. All outcomes were analyzed using two-way repeated-measure analysis.

Quantitative Multiplexed Proteomics Could Assist Therapeutic Decision Making in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Ambiguous ALK Test Results.

Therapeutic guidance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors that are positive for anaplastic lymphoma kinase () fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), but negative for ALK immunohistochemistry, is still challenging. Parallel routine screening of 4588 NSCLC cases identified 22 discordant cases. We rechecked these samples using ALK antibodies and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) quantitative multiplexed proteomics screening multiple protein targets, including ALK and MET for the ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), and FR-alpha, hENT1, RRM1, TUBB3, ERCC1, and XRCC1 for chemotherapy.

Effects of Cervical Spine Mobilization on Respiratory Function and Cervical Angles of Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study.

The forward head posture (FHP) of stroke patients has a negative impact on respiratory function. Cervical spine mobilization is a manual therapy technique that used to prevent and treat FHP and respiratory function. This pilot study investigated whether cervical spine mobilization can effectively improve outcomes following FHP and respiratory function of stroke patients.

Elevated serum substance P level as a predictive marker for moderately emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A prospective cohort study.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is an unbearable side effect. Identifying high emetic risk patients and providing more active antiemetics strategies are mandatory to improve the tolerability of chemotherapy. In this prospective cohort study, leptin, ghrelin, and substance P were measured at baseline, day 3, and day 14 during the first cycle of chemotherapy.