Proapoptotic role of CDK1 in overcoming paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer cells in response to combined treatment with paclitaxel and duloxetine.

Background: Paclitaxel resistance and recurrence are major obstacles in ovarian cancer, which is the leading cause of death among gynecologic cancers. During cancer cell progression, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) drives cells through the G2 phase and into mitosis. In this study, we demonstrated that CDK1 played a crucial role in switching paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells from mitotic arrest to apoptosis following combined treatment with paclitaxel and duloxetine, an antidepressant known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).

Impact of cytotoxic therapy on clonal hematopoiesis and myeloid neoplasms in breast cancer patients.

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH), which is characterized by variants of hematopoietic stem cells, increases the risk of subsequent myeloid neoplasms (MNs). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of CH variants in breast cancer (BC) patients treated with cytotoxic therapy (CT), focusing on those who developed MNs after cytotoxic therapy (MN-pCT). We retrospectively analyzed 107 BC patients from a biobank and sequenced peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from 31 CH-associated genes at 2 time points.

Inhibition of VDAC1 oligomerization blocks cysteine deprivation-induced ferroptosis via mitochondrial ROS suppression.

Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS), is characterized by iron accumulation and lethal lipid peroxidation. Mitochondria serve as the primary source of ROS and thus play a crucial role in ferroptosis initiation and execution. This study highlights the role of mitochondrial ROS and the significance of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) oligomerization in ferroptosis induced by cysteine deprivation or ferroptosis-inducer RSL3.

Reversible Solar Heating and Radiative Cooling Devices via Mechanically Guided Assembly of 3D Macro/Microstructures.

Solar heating and radiative cooling are promising solutions for decreasing global energy consumption because these strategies use the Sun (≈5800 K) as a heating source and outer space (≈3 K) as a cooling source. Although high-performance thermal management can be achieved using these eco-friendly methods, they are limited by daily temperature fluctuations and seasonal changes because of single-mode actuation. Herein, reversible solar heating and radiative cooling devices formed via the mechanically guided assembly of 3D architectures are demonstrated.

Micro- and Nanoengineered Metal Additively Manufactured Surfaces for Enhanced Anti-Frosting Applications.

The greater geometrical design freedom offered by additive manufacturing (AM) as compared to the conventional manufacturing method has attracted increasing interest in AM to develop innovative and complex designs for enhanced performance. However, the difference in material composition and surface properties from conventional alloys has made surface micro-/nanostructuring of AM metals challenging. Frost accretion is a safety hazard in numerous engineering applications.

Development and validation of a new self-assessment tool to measure professionalism among medical students.

Introduction: Professionalism is a key quality that medical students should possess, but it is difficult to define and assess. Current assess-ment tools have room for improvement. This study aimed to design and validate a self-assessment tool to assess professionalism among medical students.

Downregulation of TRIB3 enhances the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to amino acid deprivation by suppressing AKT activation.

Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3), a member of the mammalian Tribbles family, is implicated in multiple biological processes. This study aimed to investigate the biological functions of TRIB3 in lung cancer and its effect on amino acid-deprived lung cancer cells. TRIB3 mRNA expression was elevated in lung cancer tissues and cell lines compared to normal lung tissues and cells.

Duloxetine enhances the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to EGFR inhibitors by REDD1-induced mTORC1/S6K1 suppression.

Although epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have been effective targeted therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), most advanced NSCLC inevitably develop resistance to these therapies. Combination therapies emerge as valuable approach to preventing, delaying, or overcoming disease progression. Duloxetine, an antidepressant known as a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, is commonly prescribed for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Correction of Spacecraft Magnetic Field Noise: Initial Korean Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter MAGnetometer Observation in Solar Wind.

The Korean Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO)-MAGnetometer (KMAG) consists of three triaxial fluxgate sensors (MAG1, MAG2, and MAG3) that measure the magnetic field around the Moon. The three sensors are mounted in the order MAG3, MAG2, and MAG1 inside a 1.2 m long boom, away from the satellite body.

Amino acid deprivation induces TXNIP expression by NRF2 downregulation.

Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is sensitive to oxidative stress and is involved in the pathogenesis of various metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, several studies have suggested that TXNIP is a promising therapeutic target for several diseases, particularly cancer and diabetes. However, the regulation of TXNIP expression under amino acid (AA)-restricted conditions is not well understood.

Ultra-resilient multi-layer fluorinated diamond like carbon hydrophobic surfaces.

Seventy percent of global electricity is generated by steam-cycle power plants. A hydrophobic condenser surface within these plants could boost overall cycle efficiency by 2%. In 2022, this enhancement equates to an additional electrical power generation of 1000 TWh annually, or 83% of the global solar electricity production.

Spin-exchange carrier multiplication in manganese-doped colloidal quantum dots.

Carrier multiplication is a process whereby a kinetic energy of a carrier relaxes via generation of additional electron-hole pairs (excitons). This effect has been extensively studied in the context of advanced photoconversion as it could boost the yield of generated excitons. Carrier multiplication is driven by carrier-carrier interactions that lead to excitation of a valence-band electron to the conduction band.

Electrically driven amplified spontaneous emission from colloidal quantum dots.

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are attractive materials for realizing solution-processable laser diodes that could benefit from size-controlled emission wavelengths, low optical-gain thresholds and ease of integration with photonic and electronic circuits. However, the implementation of such devices has been hampered by fast Auger recombination of gain-active multicarrier states, poor stability of QD films at high current densities and the difficulty to obtain net optical gain in a complex device stack wherein a thin electroluminescent QD layer is combined with optically lossy charge-conducting layers. Here we resolve these challenges and achieve amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from electrically pumped colloidal QDs.

Nebivolol Sensitizes BT-474 Breast Cancer Cells to FGFR Inhibitors.

Background/aim: The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway is abnormally activated in human cancers, including breast cancer. Therefore, targeting the FGFR signaling pathway is a potent strategy to treat breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to find drugs that could increase sensitivity to FGFR inhibitor effects in BT-474 breast cancer cells, and to investigate the combined effects and underlying mechanisms of these combinations for BT-474 breast cancer cell survival.

Inhibition of Glutamine Uptake Resensitizes Paclitaxel Resistance in SKOV3-TR Ovarian Cancer Cell via mTORC1/S6K Signaling Pathway.

Ovarian cancer is a carcinoma that affects women and that has a high mortality rate. Overcoming paclitaxel resistance is important for clinical application. However, the effect of amino acid metabolism regulation on paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer is still unknown.

Knockdown of NUPR1 Enhances the Sensitivity of Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Cells to Metformin by AKT Inhibition.

Background/aim: Metformin is a widely used drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus and has recently attracted broad attention for its therapeutic effects on many cancers. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of metformin's anticancer activity.

Materials And Methods: Cell viability was measured by MTT assay.

A Lipid-Inspired Highly Adhesive Interface for Durable Superhydrophobicity in Wet Environments and Stable Jumping Droplet Condensation.

Creating thin (<100 nm) hydrophobic coatings that are durable in wet conditions remains challenging. Although the dropwise condensation of steam on thin hydrophobic coatings can enhance condensation heat transfer by 1000%, these coatings easily delaminate. Designing interfaces with high adhesion while maintaining a nanoscale coating thickness is key to overcoming this challenge.

Knockdown of YAP/TAZ sensitizes tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 breast cancer cells.

Although endocrine therapy with tamoxifen has improved survival in breast cancer patients, resistance to this therapy remains one of the major causes of breast cancer mortality. In the present study, we found that the expression level of YAP/TAZ in tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 (MCF7-TR) breast cancer cells was significantly increased compared with that in MCF7 cells. Knockdown of YAP/TAZ with siRNA sensitized MCF7-TR cells to tamoxifen.

Synergism of a novel MCL‑1 downregulator, acriflavine, with navitoclax (ABT‑263) in triple‑negative breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma multiforme.

Myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL‑1), an anti‑apoptotic B‑cell lymphoma 2 (BCL‑2) family molecule frequently amplified in various human cancer cells, is known to be critical for cancer cell survival. MCL‑1 has been recognized as a target molecule for cancer treatment. While various agents have emerged as potential MCL‑1 blockers, the present study presented acriflavine (ACF) as a novel MCL‑1 inhibitor in triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Amino acid deprivation induces AKT activation by inducing GCN2/ATF4/REDD1 axis.

Amino acid availability is sensed by various signaling molecules, including general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). However, it is unclear how these sensors are associated with cancer cell survival under low amino acid availability. In the present study, we investigated AKT activation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells deprived of each one of 20 amino acids.

miR-3188 Enhances Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation by Down-regulating Rictor.

Background/aim: Rictor is an adaptor protein essential for mTORC2, which regulates cell growth and survival. The aim of this study was to identify microRNAs (miR) that down-regulate Rictor and investigate their function on breast cancer cell survival.

Materials And Methods: Trypan blue assay, MTT assay, polymerase chain reaction analysis, luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis were carried out in breast cancer cell lines HCC1954, MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, and BT474.