Long-lasting forms of plasticity through patterned ultrasound-induced brainwave entrainment.

Achieving long-lasting neuronal modulation with low-intensity, low-frequency ultrasound is challenging. Here, we devised theta burst ultrasound stimulation (TBUS) with gamma bursts for brain entrainment and modulation of neuronal plasticity in the mouse motor cortex. We demonstrate that two types of TBUS, intermittent and continuous TBUS, induce bidirectional long-term potentiation or depression-like plasticity, respectively, as evidenced by changes in motor-evoked potentials.

Chin-tuck assistant system (CAS)-A novel method using auditory feedback for postural maintenance in a chin-tuck maneuver: A randomized trial.

Introduction: Chin-tuck are effective in patients with dysphagia, where aspiration can occur due to pharyngeal swallowing delays. This study aims to verify whether Chin-tuck Assistant System Maneuver (CAS-M) supplemented with Chin-Tuck Maneuver (CTM) is effective for learning and maintaining correct chin-tuck postures. In addition, we investigated the possibility of using CAS-M as a customized rehabilitation treatment program for patients with poor cognitive ability, attention issues, and general swallowing disorders.

Long-term clinical course and outcomes in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Background: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare multisystemic disorder with various clinical manifestations. Despite the recognition of several prognostic factors, the long-term clinical course and prognosis of patients with LAM in the era of sirolimus therapy are not established.

Methods: The clinical data of 104 patients with LAM were retrospectively analyzed.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Korean patients with sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown cause involving multiple organs. Its clinical presentation and prognosis vary among races. We identified the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Korean patients with sarcoidosis.

Long-term clinical course and outcome in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common lung manifestation in patients with Sjögren syndrome (SJS) and is associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the long-term clinical course and prognostic factors in patients with SJS-ILD. Clinical data and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of 62 patients with primary SJS-ILD were retrospectively analyzed (biopsy-proven cases, n = 16).

Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Provokes Neuroplasticity in Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.

Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) provokes behavioral and cognitive changes. But the study about electrophysiologic findings and managements of rmTBI is limited. In this study, we investigate the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on rmTBI.

Induction of immunogenic cell death of tumors by newly synthesized heterocyclic quinone derivative.

Many cancer types are serious diseases causing mortality, and new therapeutics with improved efficacy and safety are required. Immuno-(cell)-therapy is considered as one of the promising therapeutic strategies for curing intractable cancer. In this study, we tested R2016, a newly developed heterocyclic quinone derivative, for induction of immunogenic tumor cell death and as a possible novel immunochemotherapeutic.

A simple rat model of mild traumatic brain injury: a device to reproduce anatomical and neurological changes of mild traumatic brain injury.

Mild traumatic brain injury typically involves temporary impairment of neurological function. Previous studies used water pressure or rotational injury for designing the device to make a rat a mild traumatic brain injury model. The objective of this study was to make a simple model of causing mild traumatic brain injury in rats.

New insights into the origin of the lumbrical muscles of the foot: tendinous slip of the flexor hallucis longus muscle.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the origins of the lumbricals of the foot toward a better understanding of its precise action in the gait.

Methods: The lumbricals in the foot were investigated in 66 specimens of embalmed Korean adult cadavers.

Results: The first lumbrical arose as two muscle bellies from both the tendon of the FDL and the tendinous slip of the FHL in 83.

Blending of the lateral deep slip of the platysma muscle into the buccinator muscle.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the prevalence of blending of the lateral deep slip of the platysma into the buccinator, and the morphologic and spatial relationships thereof.

Methods: The lateral deep slip of the platysma was investigated in 42 specimens of embalmed adult Korean cadavers.

Results: The lateral deep slip of the platysma was observed in 17 of the 42 specimens (40.

Termination of the ligamentum venosum and the topographic relationship between the left portal vein, left hepatic artery, and ligamentum venosum in the fissures for the ligamentum teres and ligamentum venosum.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the location of termination of the ligamentum venosum (LV) and topographic relationships between the left portal vein (LPV), left hepatic artery (LHA), and LV in the fissures for ligamentum teres and LV.

Methods: Anatomical examination was performed on 50 livers from embalmed Korean adult cadavers.

Results: The LV originated from a point between the transverse and umbilical portions of LPV (Tr-Um point) in all specimens, and terminated in the common trunk of the middle hepatic vein and left hepatic vein (LHV) (61%) or in the LHV (39%).

An anatomic study of the medial fibers of depressor anguli oris muscle passing deep to the depressor labii inferioris muscle.

The trajectory of the medial fibers of depressor anguli oris muscle that pass deep to the depressor labii inferioris muscle (dDAO) and the anatomic relationship have not yet been examined. The aim of this study was to clarify the arrangement of the dDAO and its relationships with the surrounding structures. The dDAOs were investigated in 40 hemifaces from Korean cadavers.

Effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait and balance in hemiplegic stroke patients.

Background: Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) improves gait velocity, cadence, and stride length in hemiplegic stroke patients, yet little is known about the effectiveness of RAS on standing balance.

Objectives: To examine and compare the effectiveness on standing balance and gait parameter of two different types of gait trainings, gait training with RAS versus gait training without RAS, was compared in two groups of hemiplegic stroke patients over a three-week period (RAS group, n = 8; control group = 8).

Methods: Sixteen hemiplegic stroke patients were included in the study.

Risk factor of visuospatial neglect: a study of association between visuospatial neglect and anemia.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between visuospatial neglect and anemia in patients with right cerebral infarction, as well as to identify the risk factor of neglect and furnish preliminary data on rehabilitation management.

Methods: The line bisection test and Albert test were conducted on subjects with right cerebral infarction in order to analyze neglect severity. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate correlation between neglect severity and hemoglobin and hematocrit level.

Development of freshwater sediment management standards for organic matters, nutrients, and metals in Korea.

Korean water quality managers are required to promptly develop national assessment standards for freshwater sediment quality due to the Four Major River Restoration Project in Korea in 2009. We conducted this study to develop sediment management standards (SMSs), determining obviously and severely polluted sediment, which could have adverse impacts on water quality and aquatic ecosystem. The SMSs values were derived from the 95th percentile of concentration distribution for organic matter and nutrients in sediment quality database.

Clinical outcomes of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with secondary lymphedema: a pilot study.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in patients with secondary lymphedema after breast cancer treatment.

Methods: In a prospective clinical trial, ESWT was performed consecutively 4 times over two weeks in 7 patients who were diagnosed with stage 3 secondary lymphedema after breast cancer treatment. Each patient was treated with four sessions of ESWT (0.

Expression of transient receptor potential channels in the ependymal cells of the developing rat brain.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in providing brain tissue with a stable internal environment as well as in absorbing mechanical and thermal stresses. From its initial composition, derived from the amniotic fluid trapped by the closure of neuropores, CSF is modified by developing and differentiating ependymal cells lining the ventricular surface or forming the choroid plexus. Its osmolarity and ionic composition brings about a change through the action of many channels expressed on the ependymal cells.

Morphology of the mentalis muscle and its relationship with the orbicularis oris and incisivus labii inferioris muscles.

The mentalis muscle (MT) is the only elevator of the lower lip and the chin, and it provides the major vertical support for the lower lip. However, there are few reports on the relationship between the MT and its surrounding muscles. The aim of this study was to clarify the morphology of the MT, especially in relation to the orbicularis oris muscle and the incisivus labii inferioris muscle (ILI), thereby providing data to understand the function of the MT in relation to the surrounding muscles.

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in myofascial pain syndrome of upper trapezius.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in myofascial pain syndrome of upper trapezius with visual analogue scale (VAS) and pressure threshold by digital algometer.

Method: Twenty-two patients diagnosed with myofascial pain syndrome in upper trapezius were selected. They were assigned to treatment and standard care (control) groups balanced by age and sex, with eleven subjects in each group.

Destination of the C4 component of the prefixed brachial plexus.

This study was carried out to elucidate the destination of the C4 ventral ramus that forms the prefixed brachial plexus. A total of 43 sides of Korean adults (male, 22; female, 18; unknown: 3 and right, 23; left, 20) were investigated. The various C4 destinations and their frequencies were as follows: suprascapular nerve, 97.

Variation of the infrahyoid muscle: duplicated omohyoid and appearance of the levator glandulae thyroideae muscles.

The embryologic origin of the omohyoid muscle is different from that of the other neck muscles. A number of variations such as the absence of muscle, variable sites of origin and insertion, and multiple bellies have been reported. However, variations in the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle are rare.

An abnormal muscle in the superficial region of the popliteal fossa.

An abnormal muscle was observed in the superficial region of the popliteal fossa during a dissection procedure conducted for medical students. This abnormal muscle originated from the biceps femoris tendon and inserted into the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. The innervating nerve branched from the lateral sural cutaneous nerve.

The spinal root origins and clinical implications of the lower subscapular nerve.

The purpose of this study was to define the spinal root origins of the lower subscapular nerve and the amounts of participating nerve fibers from each spinal root and to discuss the clinical implications. Using a method of separating the nerve fascicles that traces the particular nerve fibers at the intrafascicular level, the spinal root origins of the lower subscapular nerve appeared as two types. The first type comprised 76.