A worldwide study of subcortical shape as a marker for clinical staging in Parkinson's disease.

Alterations in subcortical brain regions are linked to motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, associations between clinical expression and regional morphological abnormalities of the basal ganglia, thalamus, amygdala and hippocampus are not well established. We analyzed 3D T1-weighted brain MRI and clinical data from 2525 individuals with PD and 1326 controls from 22 global sources in the ENIGMA-PD consortium.

A worldwide study of white matter microstructural alterations in people living with Parkinson's disease.

The progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with microstructural alterations in neural pathways, contributing to both motor and cognitive decline. However, conflicting findings have emerged due to the use of heterogeneous methods in small studies. Here we performed a large diffusion MRI study in PD, integrating data from 17 cohorts worldwide, to identify stage-specific profiles of white matter differences.

Role of Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis in Restraining Internal Tibial Rotation: In Vitro Biomechanical Assessment of Lateral Tissue Engagement.

Background: The way in which force increases in the anterolateral tissues and the lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) tissue to resist internal rotation (IR) of the tibia after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in isolation and after LET augmentation, respectively, is not well understood.

Purpose: (1) To compare in a cadaveric model how force increases (ie, engages) in the anterolateral tissues with IR of the tibia after isolated ACL reconstruction and in the LET tissue after augmentation of the ACL reconstruction with LET and (2) to determine whether IR of the tibia is related to engagement of the LET tissue.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Chitinophaga aurantiaca sp. nov., isolated from a soil sample from a tangerine field.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated THG-SD5.5, was isolated from a soil sample collected in a tangerine field, Republic of Korea. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Chitinophaga and to be closely related to Chitinophaga ginsengihumi KACC 17604 (97.

Overexpression of sesquiterpene synthase gene confers tolerance against pv. in .

Sesquiterpenes are an abundant group belonging to the terpenoid family, with a C15 structure comprise of three isoprene units. Many sesquiterpenes are volatile compounds and it act as chemical messenger in plant signalling, particularly in the defense mechanism against biotic and abiotic stresses. Meyer is important medicinal herbs with various reported pharmacological efficacies in which its triterpenoid saponins, called ginsenosides, were mostly studied.

Immunostimulatory effect of fermented red ginseng in the mouse model.

In this study, Woongjin fermented red ginseng extract (WFRG) was evaluated for its potential ability to act as an adjuvant for the immune response of mice. For the in vitro study, macrophages were treated with serial concentrations (1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL) of WFRG. For in vivo studies, mice were administered different concentrations (10 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, and 200 mg/kg/day) of WFRG orally for 21 days.

Biotransformation of Ginsenoside Rb1 to Prosapogenins, Gypenoside XVII, Ginsenoside Rd, Ginsenoside F2, and Compound K by Leuconostoc mesenteroides DC102.

Ginsenoside Rb1is the main component in ginsenosides. It is a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside that has a dammarane-type triterpenoid as an aglycone. In this study, ginsenoside Rb1 was transformed into gypenoside XVII, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside F2 and compound K by glycosidase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides DC102.

Screening and optimization of pectin lyase and polygalacturonase activity from ginseng pathogen Cylindrocarpon Destructans.

Cylindrocarpon destructans isolated from ginseng field was found to produce pectinolytic enzymes. A Taguchi's orthogonal array experimental design was applied to optimize the preliminary production of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin lyase (PL) using submerged culture condition. This method was applied to evaluate the significant parameters for the production of enzymes.

Hydrogenophaga temperata sp. nov., a betaproteobacterium isolated from compost in Korea.

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and motile bacterial strain TR7-01(T) was isolated from a compost soil in South Korea and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TR7-01(T) belonged to the genus Hydrogenophaga within the class Betaproteobacteria. Strain TR7-01(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.

Lactobacillus kimchicus sp. nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from kimchi.

A Gram-reaction-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile, β-glucosidase-producing bacterium, designated DCY51(T), was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable food. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY51(T) belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Lactobacillus paracollinoides AB 74 (96.9 %), L.

Microbacterium ginsengiterrae sp. nov., a beta-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from soil of a ginseng field.

Strain DCY37(T) was isolated from a soil sample of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea and characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. Cells were Gram-staining-positive, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, non-motile short rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY37(T) belongs to the genus Microbacterium.

Solibius ginsengiterrae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field, and emended description of the genus Sediminibacterium and of Sediminibacterium salmoneium.

A novel Gram-staining-negative bacterial strain, designated DCY13T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Korea and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DCY13T forms a cluster with members of the genera Sediminibacterium, Flavisolibacter, Niabella, Terrimonas, Niastella and Chitinophaga in the family 'Chitinophagaceae', phylum Bacteroidetes, and shares highest sequence similarity (95.2 %) with Sediminibacterium salmoneum NJ-44T.

Stenotrophomonas ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from a ginseng field.

A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain DCY01(T), was isolated from soil from a ginseng field in South Korea and was characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY01(T) belonged to the Gammaproteobacteria and was most closely related to Stenotrophomonas koreensis KCTC 12211(T) (98.4 % similarity), Stenotrophomonas humi R-32729(T) (97.

Lysobacter soli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field.

Strain DCY21(T), a Gram-negative, gliding and rod-shaped aerobic bacterium was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea and characterized using a polyphasic approach in order to determine its taxonomic position. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY21(T) clustered with the species of the genus Lysobacter. It was closely related to Lysobacter gummosus LMG 8763(T) (97.

Curtobacterium ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field.

A Gram-positive, non-motile, pale-yellow, short rod-shaped bacterium, strain DCY26(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea and was investigated to determine its taxonomic position. The organism grew optimally at 30-37 degrees C. The G+C content of its DNA was 65.

Microbacterium ginsengisoli sp. nov., a beta-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from soil of a ginseng field.

Strain Gsoil 259(T), a beta-glucosidase-producing bacterium, was isolated from a soil sample from a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea and characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. Cells were Gram-positive, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, non-motile short rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain Gsoil 259(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium and was closely related to Microbacterium arborescens IFO 3750(T) (98.

Paenibacillus soli sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from soil.

Two novel polysaccharide-degrading bacteria (strains DCY03(T) and DCY04) were isolated from a soil sample of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea and were identified as representing members of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Cells of the two isolates were Gram-positive, spore-forming, non-motile, straight rods. Based on DNA-DNA relatedness data, the strains were considered to belong to the same species.

Burkholderia ginsengisoli sp. nov., a beta-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from soil of a ginseng field.

A bacterial strain (designated KMY03T) that possesses beta-glucosidase activity was isolated from soil from a ginseng field in South Korea and was characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. The bacterium was found to comprise Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile cells with unipolar polytrichous flagella. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain KMY03T was shown to belong to the family Burkholderiaceae of the Betaproteobacteria, being most closely related to Burkholderia caledonica LMG 19076T (97.