Large rupture strain cotton ropes hybridized with affordable fiberglass chopped strand mat sheets for enhanced compressive behavior of reinforced concrete columns.

The hybrid confinement system combines various fiber types within a single matrix, allowing for the adjustment of volumetric ratios to optimize confinement performance. Synthetic FRPs are more expensive and have a higher carbon footprint due to significant CO emissions during production. In response, this study presents an innovative hybrid confinement approach using two natural materials: cotton ropes and FSMS (CFS) to improve concrete strength and ductility.