Intravenous enoxaparin guided by anti-Xa in venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A retrospective, single-center study.

Background: Unfractionated heparin is used as the most common anticoagulation for venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) patients. However, it is accompanied by frequent bleeding and thrombotic complications. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the feasibility of Enoxaparin anticoagulation for VV ECMO patients.

The moderating role of perceived health risks on the acceptance of genetically modified food.

The public perspective on genetically modified foods (GMFs) has been intensely debated and scrutinized. Often, discussions surrounding GMF tend to revolve solely around the potential health risks associated with their consumption. However, it is essential to acknowledge that public perceptions of genetically modified foods are multifaceted, encompassing environmental concerns, ethical considerations, and economic implications.

Psychological risks associated with appearance-altering procedures: issues "facing" cosmetic surgery.

There is a dynamic and fluid relationship between cosmetic surgery and psychology that requires careful and constant attention from the surgeon. Surgeons all desire a "short and sweet" checklist evaluation that tells them if it is safe for the patient to undergo an elective surgical procedure. Obviously, this is wishful thinking.

Complications of facial implants.

Facial implants are readily used for aesthetic and reconstructive efforts in lieu of autogenous materials due to obvious benefits. Alloplastic facial augmentation is not without potential complications. This article discusses the major factors that contribute to complications of facial implant surgery, based on alloplast composition, surgical technique, and facial region.

Comparison between digital panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of the mandibular canal as part of presurgical dental implant assessment.

Purpose: A variety of imaging modalities (eg, panoramic radiography, tomography, or computed tomography [CT]) were compared for their efficiency in the identification of the mandibular canal. The recently introduced cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) seems to be a promising imaging modality which also reduces patient exposure considerably, compared with ordinary CT. The literature includes no studies comparing its performance in such delicate tasks as mandibular-canal identification with other traditionally used imaging modalities.

The influence of the acetabular labrum seal, intact articular superficial zone and synovial fluid thixotropy on squeeze-film lubrication of a spherical synovial joint.

A model of synovial fluid (SF) filtration by articular cartilage (AC) in a step-loaded spherical synovial joint at rest is presented. The effects of joint pathology (such as a depleted acetabular labrum, a depleted cartilage superficial zone consistent with early osteoarthritis and an inflammatory SF) on the squeezed synovial film are also investigated. Biphasic mixture models for AC (ideal fluid and elastic porous transversely isotropic two-layer matrix) and for SF (ideal and thixotropic fluids) are applied and the following results are obtained.

The thixotropic effect of the synovial fluid in squeeze-film lubrication of the human hip joint.

The thixotropic (shear-thinning) effect of the synovial fluid in squeeze-film lubrication of the human hip joint is evaluated, taking into account filtration of the squeezed synovial film by biphasic articular cartilage. A porous, homogeneous, elastic cartilage matrix filled with the interstitial ideal fluid, with the intact superficial zone (of lower permeability and stiffness in compression) already disrupted or worn away, models an early stage of arthritis. Due to a high viscosity of the normal synovial fluid at very low shear rates, the squeezed synovial film at a fixed time after the application of a steady load is found to be much thicker in a small central part of the lubricated contact area.

Squeeze-film lubrication of the human ankle joint with synovial fluid filtrated by articular cartilage with the superficial zone worn out.

A squeeze-film lubrication model of the human ankle joint in standing that takes into account the fluid transport across the articular surface is presented. Articular cartilage is a biphasic mixture of the ideal interstitial fluid and an elastic permeable isotropic homogeneous intrinsically incompressible matrix. The simple homogeneous model for articular cartilage models the case of early osteoarthritis, when the intact superficial zone of the normal articular cartilage, much stiffer in tension than the bulk material, has been already disrupted or worn out.

Lubrication of the human ankle joint in walking with the synovial fluid filtrated by the cartilage with the surface zone worn out: steady pure sliding motion.

A mixture model of synovial fluid filtration by cartilage in the human ankle joint during walking is presented for steady sliding motion of the articular surfaces. In the paper the cartilage surface zone is assumed worn out. The same model has been recently applied to the squeeze-film problem for the human hip joint loaded by the body weight during standing (Hlavácek, Journal of Biomechanics 26, 1145-1150, 1151-1160, 1993; Hlavácek and Novák, Journal of Biomechanics 28, 1193-1198, 1199-1205, 1995).

A note on an asymptotic solution for the contact of two biphasic cartilage layers in a loaded synovial joint at rest.

Retaining the first terms of asymptotic expansions and assuming zero gradient of the contact pressure at the contact edge in the perpendicular direction to the edge, Ateshian et al. (1994, J. Biomechanics 27, 1347-1360; 1992, Adv.

The influence of articular surface incongruity on lubrication and contact pressure distribution of loaded synovial joints.

In the model intended for short-term loading (such as during the walking cycle) of a human synovial joint in the lower extremities, cartilage lubricated by Newtonian synovial fluid is considered to be incompressible elastic and subchondral bone is considered to be rigid. The model is non-diffusional, i.e.

The role of synovial fluid filtration by cartilage in lubrication of synovial joints--IV. Squeeze-film lubrication: the central film thickness for normal and inflammatory synovial fluids for axial symmetry under high loading conditions.

The axially symmetric problem of synovial film filtration and synovial gel formation at normal approach of cartilage surfaces in the human hip joint loaded by a compressive force has been solved numerically in Part III of this paper [Hlavácek and Novák, J. Biomechanics 28, 1193-1198 (1995)] for the Newtonian viscous phase of the biphasic synovial fluid and for low loads only. Because of a high non-linearity of the problem the method used there breaks down for higher loads.

The role of synovial fluid filtration by cartilage in lubrication of synovial joints--III. Squeeze-film lubrication: axial symmetry under low loading conditions.

A mixture model of synovial fluid filtration and synovial gel formation at normal approach of cartilage surfaces in the human synovial joints loaded by a compressive force has been recently presented in Parts I and II of this paper (Hlavácek, 1993, J. Biomechanics 26, 1145-1150; 1151-1160). In the model synovial fluid is taken as a mixture of two incompressible fluids (ideal and Newtonian viscous), while the biphasic model of Mow et al.

The role of synovial fluid filtration by cartilage in lubrication of synovial joints--II. Squeeze-film lubrication: homogeneous filtration.

A mathematical model of synovial film filtration and synovial gel formation at normal approach of cartilage surfaces in the human hip joint is presented. The biphasic mixture model presented in Part I of this paper [Hlavácek, J. Biomechanics 26, (1993)] for synovial fluid and that of Mow and his collaborators [J.

The role of synovial fluid filtration by cartilage in lubrication of synovial joints--I. Mixture model of synovial fluid.

A mathematical model of lubrication of human synovial joints under squeeze-film conditions is presented in this several-part paper. Squeeze-film action leads to a concentration of hyaluronic-acid-protein macromolecular complex in the synovial fluid between the approaching cartilage surfaces as a result of the diffusion of water and low molecular weight substances through the cartilage surfaces or along the gap. Increasing viscosity of synovial fluid delays the approach of these surfaces and the formation of stable gels then protects cartilage, if sliding motion ensues, before fluid film lubrication is restored.

The mormyrid brainstem. I. Distribution of brainstem neurones projecting to the spinal cord in Gnathonemus petersii. An HRP study.

The sources of the descending spinal tracts were identified in the teleost fish Gnathonemus petersii by retrograde HRP transport. HRP injections were made at two spinal levels, either at level of the caudal end of the dorsal fin, anterior to the electric organ, or at the pectoral fin. In both cases all labeled cells were found in the rhombencephalon and the mesencephalic tegmentum.