Factors affecting participation in the colorectal cancer screening program: a cross-sectional population study.

Purpose: Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) once a year or colonoscopy once in 10 years is the option approved for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for asymptomatic individuals aged ≥ 50 years in the Czech Republic. We analyzed participation in the screening program to determine possible improvements.

Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, data were collected from 4044 randomly chosen individuals from the Czech population (1866 men, 2178 women) aged ≥ 50 years by questionnaires.

Efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on immunosuppressive and biological therapy: Prospective observational study.

Background And Aims: SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide serious health problem and vaccination seems to have a crucial role in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this prospective observational study was to monitor the trend of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination with BNT162b2 (COMIRNATY) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated by immunosuppressive and/or biological therapy, demonstrate whether any type of this therapy is associated with poorer production of antibodies against COVID-19 and evaluate the safety of vaccination against COVID-19 in these patients.

Methods: Eighty-seven eligible patients from one tertiary gastroenterological center with inflammatory bowel disease (60 with CD, 27 with UC) treated by immunosuppressive and/or biological therapy from the antiTNFα group were indicated to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

CT findings predicting lung resection in children with complicated community-acquired pneumonia.

Purpose: To investigate computed tomography (CT) features which predict lung resection in children with complicated community-acquired pneumonia.

Methods: A retrospective study of CT findings of patients with complicated pneumonia treated between January 2010 and December 2019. Fisher's exact test and ROC curves were used for statistical analysis.

Commonly available but highly effective protection against SARS-CoV-2 during gastrointestinal endoscopies.

Background And Aims: SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide serious health problem. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the number of potentially infectious particles present during endoscopic procedures and find effective tools to eliminate the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection while performing them.

Methods: An experimental model which focused on aerosol problematics was made in a specialized laboratory.

Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia in Infants: Is There Still a Role for ERCP?

Over a twenty-year period, we performed 255 ERCP procedures in infants aged up to 1 year. ERCP was indicated in cholestatic infants with suspicion of biliary obstruction. The most common diagnosis was biliary atresia (48%), choledochal cysts (13%), and choledocholithiasis (4%).

Manual Cervical Traction and Trunk Stabilization Cause Significant Changes in Upper and Lower Esophageal Sphincter: A Randomized Trial.

Objectives: Dysfunctions in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) levels can occur owing to poor muscle coordination, contraction, or relaxation. Such condition can possibly be addressed by functional rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to measure pressure changes in the UES and LES at rest and during routine rehabilitation techniques, that is, cervical manual traction and trunk stabilization maneuver.

Lung Resection in Children with Necrotizing Pneumonia: Outcome and Follow-up.

Introduction:  The number of patients with necrotizing pneumonia has increased in recent years. The aim of this study is to review the incidence, management, and outcome of pediatric necrotizing pneumonia requiring surgical therapy and to prove that lung resection results in favorable development of patients. We hypothesize that overall lung function in children after lung resection does not differ from that of the healthy population.

Acute portal vein thrombosis in noncirrhotic patients - different prognoses based on presence of inflammatory markers: a long-term multicenter retrospective analysis.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a partial or complete thrombotic occlusion of the portal vein and is rare in noncirrhotic patients. 78 adult patients with noncirrhotic acute PVT without known malignity were evaluated. Patients with initial CRP level 61-149 mg/l were excluded.

ERCP in infants, children, and adolescents-Different roles of the methods in different age groups.

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is seldom used in children, and published series have limited numbers of pediatric patients. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to assess the efficacy and safety of pediatric ERCP in a large group of children.

Methods: Data were evaluated from 626 children with biliopancreatic disorders admitted to University Hospital Motol, Prague, between January 1999 and January 2018.

Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis in children; risk factors for development.

Purpose: To compare anthropometric data (body mass index [BMI]) in patients without lithiasis to patients with symptomatic simple cholelithiasis or choledocholithiasis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 147 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 2001-2015. Complete growth data from 98 patients was compared with anthropometric data from the population of the Czech Republic and a control group (BMI of 100 consecutive patients without biliary stones in abdominal ultrasound who were admitted to a surgical department for suspected appendicitis).

The role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in choledochal cysts and/or abnormal pancreatobiliary junction in children.

Introduction: Biliary cysts with an abnormal pancreatobiliary junction are one of the most common pancreatobiliary malformations. The main symptom is cholestasis; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) plays a key role in diagnosis.

Aim: Retrospective evaluation of ERCP performed to diagnose abnormalities of the pancreatobiliary junction.

Endoscopic treatment of bile duct post-traumatic and post-operative lesions in children.

Background And Study Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the significance and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in diagnosing and treating bile duct injuries in children.

Patients And Methods: Fourteen pediatric patients, with traumatic or postoperative bile duct injury, in which ERCP was performed, were retrospectively evaluated.

Results: We performed 46 ERCP and 12 endoscopic papillotomies in children with suspected bile duct injuries.

Paediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Guidelines.

This guideline refers to infants, children, and adolescents ages 0 to 18 years. The areas covered include indications for diagnostic and therapeutic esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ileocolonoscopy; endoscopy for foreign body ingestion; corrosive ingestion and stricture/stenosis endoscopic management; upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; and endoscopic ultrasonography. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and endoscopy specific to inflammatory bowel disease has been dealt with in other guidelines and are therefore not mentioned in this guideline.

Pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Guideline Executive summary.

This Executive summary of the Guideline on pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) refers to infants, children, and adolescents aged 0 - 18 years. The areas covered include: indications for diagnostic and therapeutic esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ileocolonoscopy; endoscopy for foreign body ingestion; endoscopic management of corrosive ingestion and stricture/stenosis; upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic ultrasonography. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and endoscopy specific to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been dealt with in other Guidelines and are therefore not mentioned in this Guideline.

What is the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in assessing traumatic rupture of the pancreatic in children?

Background And Study Aims: Trauma is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. The diagnosis of pancreatic injury is based on clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings, and endoscopic methods. CT scanning is considered the gold standard for diagnosing pancreatic trauma in children.

Crohn's disease: is there a place for neurological screening?

Objective: Neurological complications of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are not rare but are under-diagnosed; some are probably immune-mediated. Several previous studies have suggested a higher incidence of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis in IBD patients. In this single-center, prospective, observational study, the authors focus on T2 focal white-matter lesions of the central nervous system on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in IBD patients that may be due to demyelination.