Publications by authors named "Hiyama Y"
Introduction: Febrile urinary tract infections are major complications of radical cystectomy; however, their characteristics after robot-assisted radical cystectomy remain unclear. Thus, we investigated the rate, severity, pathogens, and risk factors of febrile urinary tract infections after robot-assisted radical cystectomy.
Patients And Methods: Patients who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy at three institutions between April 2018 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.
Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of enfortumab vedotin therapy for a cohort of older Japanese patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma compared to younger patients.
Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with enfortumab vedotin and recruited between April 2019 and February 2023. Older patients were defined as being ≥75 years old.
Objective: To examine whether antimicrobial prophylaxis based on screening rectal cultures using selective media prevented acute bacterial prostatitis following transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB).
Methods: In this multicenter, randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 403 patients undergoing TRPB with low risks of infectious complications. Patients were randomized into a cultured group (CG) or no cultured group (NCG).
Understanding muscle response to exercise is critical for optimizing training strategies. This study investigated the effects of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion exercises on T2* values in the tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles and explored their relationship with muscle cross-sectional area (MCA), strength, and perceived exertion. Forty participants were divided into two exercise protocols: 30 performed dorsiflexion, 16 performed plantar flexion, and 6 completed both.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn 80-year-old woman with a history of endoscopic balloon dilation for esophageal stricture caused by accidental ingestion of caustic soda during infancy presented with dysphagia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a 10-cm-long, highly white, elevated lesion with a feathered appearance. This lesion was determined to be the cause of dysphagia and was completely resected via endoscopic submucosal dissection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/objectives: Colorectal neoplasia developing from ulcerative colitis mucosa (CRNUC) can be divided into ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia (UCAN) and non-UCAN; however, it is often difficult to distinguish UCAN from non-UCAN during a biopsy diagnosis. We investigated whether a genomic analysis could improve the diagnostic accuracy of UCAN using biopsy specimens.
Methods: In step 1, 14 CRNUCs were used to examine whether the genomic landscape of biopsy and resection specimens matched.
Article Synopsis
- Inhibition of WEE1, which controls a checkpoint in the cell cycle, triggers cell death by forcing cell division without fixing DNA damage, but its impact on colorectal cancer (CRC) immunity wasn't well understood.
- Researchers found that WEE1 expression was not linked to CRC characteristics but that WEE1 inhibitors reduced cancer cell growth and increased cell death, particularly in mutated cells.
- In mouse models, WEE1 inhibitor treatment resulted in smaller tumors and enhanced immune responses against the cancer, indicating its potential benefits for CRC patients, especially those with specific mutations.
Article Synopsis
- This study compares two endoscopic techniques, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic laryngo-pharyngeal surgery (ELPS), for treating superficial pharyngeal carcinomas to assess their effectiveness.
- A review of 93 patients showed that ELPS had significantly shorter procedure times and led to less laryngeal edema compared to ESD, although long-term survival outcomes were similar for both methods.
- The findings suggest that while ELPS is quicker and less damaging, it has limitations in treating narrow areas; therefore, combining ELPS with ESD may enhance treatment efficacy.
Background: Portal hypertensive enteropathy (PHE) is a small-bowel lesion observed in patients with portal hypertension. The clinical significance of endoscopic findings in PHE remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the clinical significance and predictive factors of capsule endoscopic findings in patients with PHE based on long-term outcomes.
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- - The study focused on identifying risk factors for fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance and understanding the clinical features of acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) in Japan, involving 124 patients across 13 medical centers during 2017.
- - Key findings indicated that severe dysuria, urinary retention, and transrectal prostate biopsy (TRBx) were common medical conditions for patients, with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent organism, and notable resistance to FQ antibiotic treatment was found in 33% of cases.
- - The research concluded that patients with a history of TRBx and those admitted to the hospital had significantly higher rates of FQ-resistant bacteria, emphasizing the need for specific management strategies for ABP cases
Article Synopsis
- Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) interact in colorectal cancer (CRC), impacting tumor immunity and development.
- This study found that colon-cancer-derived CAFs promote the differentiation of monocytes into M2 macrophages, which are linked to tumor growth.
- Combining a CAF inhibitor (PLX3397) with anti-PD-1 therapy enhanced anti-tumor immunity and reduced tumor growth in a mouse CRC model, suggesting a potential new treatment strategy.
Article Synopsis
- - The study assessed the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in older patients (65+ years) to determine its validity in this demographic.
- - Analysis of 398 patients revealed a high histological en bloc resection rate of 98%, with manageable postoperative complications and a 5-year overall survival rate of 78.9%.
- - While ESD is deemed safe for elderly patients, the need for additional treatments may depend on individual health conditions, particularly those classified as high-risk.
Background: Glutaminase 1 (GLS1), a key enzyme in glutamine metabolism in cancer cells, acts as a tumor promoter and could be a potential therapeutic target. CB-839, a GLS1-specific inhibitor, was developed recently. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the anti-tumor effects and mechanism of action of CB-839 in colorectal cancer (CRC).
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- The study analyzed antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 793 bacterial strains from patients with complicated urinary tract infections across eight species, using national surveillance data collected in Japan from July 2020 to December 2021.
- Fluoroquinolone resistance, particularly among Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has risen over the years, with levofloxacin resistance in E. coli increasing from 28.6% in 2008 to 44.5% in 2021, while MRSA vancomycin susceptibility decreased significantly.
- Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains were identified in notable proportions, with E. coli (24.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (16
Aim: Autotaxin (ATX) is a newly identified liver fibrosis biomarker; however, its clinical usefulness remains unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the changes in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) to evaluate its usefulness. We also investigated the predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma development, including ATX, in patients with chronic hepatitis B based on their clinical characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is sometimes detected in non-drinker and non-smoker females who are considered to have very low risk of ESCC development in daily practice. This study examined the clinicopathological and genomic characteristics of ESCCs in females with no history of drinking and smoking.
Methods: The sample comprised 118 ESCC lesions occurring in 95 female patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection at our department between January 2008 and December 2019.
Article Synopsis
- A study compared the effectiveness of pembrolizumab and avelumab, two immune checkpoint inhibitors, in treating patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma who had previously undergone chemotherapy.
- Researchers examined patient records from January 2018 to February 2023, focusing on progression-free survival, overall survival, and immune-related adverse events.
- Results indicated no significant differences in survival outcomes between the two treatments, but pembrolizumab showed a potential risk for higher endocrine-related adverse effects compared to avelumab.
Article Synopsis
- - A 69-year-old woman with a history of renal cancer and metastasis developed diarrhea 29 months after starting pazopanib treatment, leading to further examinations that indicated significant intestinal inflammation and thickening.
- - After discontinuing pazopanib, her diarrhea resolved quickly and follow-up colonoscopy showed improvement in inflammatory polyps, suggesting a connection between the medication and her gastrointestinal symptoms.
- - Upon reinitiating pazopanib, she experienced soft stool again, indicating a recurring issue, with her case presenting unique features compared to other similar cases of pazopanib-induced enteritis, highlighting the need for more research on this condition.
Low-density lipoprotein apheresis (LDL-A) is a blood purification therapy used to treat refractory ulcers in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans. We describe a case of vancomycin treatment in a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and LDL-A therapy and assess its impact on serum vancomycin concentration. The patient underwent LDL-A twice a week (Mondays and Fridays) and maintenance dialysis three times a week (Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays) for diabetic nephropathy associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Methods to prevent esophageal stenosis (ES) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have received increasing attention. Although steroid administration is a prophylactic treatment, the risk factors for ES during prophylactic steroid therapy remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the risk factors for refractory ES in patients administered prophylactic steroids after ESD for ESCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultidrug-resistant is a serious concern worldwide. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics occurs through mutations in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), acquisition of β-lactamases, and alteration of antibiotic penetration. Mosaic structures of , which encodes PBP2, play a major role in resistance to β-lactams, especially cephalosporins.
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- Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) improves knee pain in osteoarthritis patients but may increase the risk of hip fractures in the first year after surgery.
- The study evaluated changes in bone mineral density (BMD) using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) before and one year after TKA, along with assessing quadriceps strength and functional outcomes.
- Results showed no significant changes in QUS parameters post-surgery, indicating that QUS might not effectively detect BMD changes compared to preoperative measurements, suggesting the need for further preoperative evaluations to prevent hip fractures.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is one of the important pathogens of sexually transmitted infections. N. gonorrhoeae is rapidly becoming antimicrobial resistant, and there are few drugs that are effective in the initial treatment of gonorrhea.
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