Preconception HbA1c Levels in Adolescents and Young Adults and Adverse Birth Outcomes.

Importance: Subclinical hyperglycemia before pregnancy may be associated with the likelihood of maternal morbidity but is understudied among young people.

Objective: To explore the association of preconception hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels among adolescents and young adults with risk of gestational diabetes at first live birth.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study used linked 2009 to 2017 birth registry, hospital discharge, and New York City Department of Health A1C Registry data for birthing individuals aged 10 to 24 years with no history of diabetes and at least 1 preconception HbA1c test in New York, New York.

Prospective transitions in hemoglobin A1c following gestational diabetes using Multistate Markov Models.

Objective: We characterized the state-to-state transitions in postpartum A1c levels after gestational diabetes, including remaining in a state of normoglycemia or transitions between prediabetes or diabetes states of varying severity.

Methods: We used data from the APPLE Cohort, a postpartum population-based cohort of individuals with gestational diabetes between 2009-2011and linked HbA1c data with up to 9 years follow-up (N=34,171). We examined maternal sociodemographic and perinatal characteristics as predictors of transitions in A1c progression using Markov multistate models.

Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Development of Type 2 Diabetes After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: To estimate racial and ethnic disparities in type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to investigate baseline pregnancy clinical and social or structural characteristics as mediators.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort of individuals with GDM using linked 2009-2011 New York City birth and hospital data and 2009-2017 New York City A1c Registry data. We ascertained GDM and pregnancy characteristics from birth and hospital records.

Predictors and Trends in First-Trimester Hemoglobin A1c Screening in New York City, 2009 to 2017.

Glycated hemoglobin is an adjunct tool in early pregnancy to assess glycemic control. We examined trends and maternal predictors for those who had A1c screening in early pregnancy using hospital discharge and vital registry data between 2009 and 2017 linked with the New York City A1C Registry ( = 798,312). First-trimester A1c screening increased from 2.

Influence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Diabetes Risk and Glycemic Control in a Retrospective Population-Based Cohort.

Objective: Racial/ethnic-specific estimates of the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on type 2 diabetes remain underexplored in large population-based cohorts. We estimated racial/ethnic differences in the influence of GDM on diabetes risk and glycemic control in a multiethnic, population-based cohort of postpartum women.

Research Design And Methods: Hospital discharge and vital registry data for New York City (NYC) births between 2009 and 2011 were linked with NYC A1C Registry data between 2009 and 2017.

Estimating the infection-fatality risk of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City during the spring 2020 pandemic wave: a model-based analysis.

Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold, the infection-fatality risk (ie, risk of death among all infected individuals including those with asymptomatic and mild infections) is crucial for gauging the burden of death due to COVID-19 in the coming months or years. Here, we estimate the infection-fatality risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in New York City, NY, USA, the first epidemic centre in the USA, where the infection-fatality risk remains unclear.

Methods: In this model-based analysis, we developed a meta-population network model-inference system to estimate the underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in New York City during the 2020 spring pandemic wave using available case, mortality, and mobility data.