Incidence, Characteristics, Clinical Course, and Risk Factors of Ulcerative Colitis-related Lung Diseases.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic GI inflammatory disorder involving various extraintestinal organs, including the lungs. Although UC-related lung diseases (UC-LDs) have been widely recognized, much remains unclear.

Research Question: What are the incidence, characteristics, clinical course, and risk factors of UC-LD?

Study Design And Methods: This study retrospectively identified and classified UC-LDs by reviewing the medical records of consecutive patients with UC.

Hemophagocytic Syndrome-Associated Variant of Methotrexate-Associated Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient.

A 59-year-old man was treated for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for 12 years with methotrexate (MTX) and prednisolone. After MTX-associated interstitial pneumonia developed, he was treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone for 7 months. Arthritis worsened, and tacrolimus was added to the treatment regimen.

Incidence of comprehensive hospitalization due to infection, cardiovascular disease, fractures, and malignancies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

To comprehensively analyze the overall incidence of hospitalization for comorbidities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We prospectively analyzed overall hospitalizations for comorbidities using the Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis (IORRA) cohort. The incidence of hospitalized comorbidity was calculated.

Benign clear cell "sugar" tumor of the lung in a patient with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: a case report.

Background: Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a rare inherited autosomal genodermatosis and caused by germline mutation of the folliculin (FLCN) gene, a tumor suppressor gene of which protein product is involved in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway regulating cell growth and metabolism. Clinical manifestations in BHD syndrome is characterized by fibrofolliculomas of the skin, pulmonary cysts with or without spontaneous pneumothorax, and renal neoplasms. There has been no pulmonary neoplasm reported in BHD syndrome, although the condition is due to deleterious sequence variants in a tumor suppressor gene.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in non-HIV-infected patients in the era of novel immunosuppressive therapies.

In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a well-known opportunistic infection, and its management has been established. However, PCP is an emerging threat to immunocompromised patients without HIV infection, such as those receiving novel immunosuppressive therapeutics for malignancy, organ transplantation, or connective tissue diseases. Clinical manifestations of PCP are quite different between patients with and without HIV-infections.

Pneumocystis pneumonia induced by treatment with low-dose tacrolimus and methylprednisolone in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: a case report.

Background: Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug used to prevent acute rejection following organ transplantation and to treat autoimmune disease. Tacrolimus is usually prescribed in such situation at a dose of 3.0 mg/day.

Recent advances in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in HIV-infected adults.

Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is one of the most common opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults. Although the microscopic demonstration of the organisms in respiratory specimens is still the golden standard of its diagnosis, recent advances in the diagnostic tools have been changing the situation.

Areas Covered: Colonization of Pneumocystis is highly prevalent among the general population and could be associated with the transmission and development of PCP in immunocompromised individuals.

[A case of pulmonary Mycobacterium lentiflavum infection diagnosed by microbiological analysis].

In 1998, a 51-year-old woman was diagnosed with Mycobacterium avium infection on the basis of chest radiographic findings, positive smear test results, and positive results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for Mycobacterium avium DNA in bronchial lavage fluid. Antimycobacterial therapy was administered for 11 months, and the chest radiographic findings improved. In 2001, re-treatment was performed because radiographic findings indicated exacerbation of disease and poor response.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving adalimumab: a retrospective review and case-control study of 17 patients.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with adalimumab.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, case-control study to compare RA patients treated with adalimumab with and without PCP. Data from 17 RA patients who were diagnosed with PCP and from 89 RA patients who did not develop PCP during adalimumab treatment were collected.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in non-HIV-infected patients in the era of novel immunosuppressive therapies.

In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a well-known opportunistic infection, and its management has been established. However, PCP is an emerging threat to immunocompromised patients without HIV infection, such as those receiving novel immunosuppressive therapeutics for malignancy, organ transplantation, or connective tissue diseases. Clinical manifestations of PCP are quite different between patients with and without HIV infections.

Acute- or subacute-onset lung complications in treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common systemic disease that manifests as inflammatory arthritis of multiple joints and produces a wide variety of intrathoracic lesions, including pleural diseases, diffuse interstitial pneumonia, rheumatoid nodules, and airway disease. Patients treated for RA can have associated lung disease that commonly manifests as diffuse interstitial pneumonia, drug-induced lung injury, and infection. The purpose of this pictorial review is to illustrate the radiographic and clinical features of lung complications of acute or subacute onset in patients treated for RA and to show the computed tomography features of these complications.

Extended survival observed in adoptive activated T lymphocyte immunotherapy for advanced lung cancer: results of a multicenter historical cohort study.

Purpose: To clarify the long-term effect of immunotherapy, the effect of adoptive activated T lymphocyte immunotherapy on advanced lung cancer was evaluated in terms of survival time. In addition, the performance status of cancer patients under immunotherapy was examined.

Experimental Design: Over 5 × 10(9) alpha-beta T lymphocytes cultured ex vivo with an immobilized anti-CD3 antibody and interleukin-2 were injected intravenously into patients, once every 2 weeks for 3 months or longer.

Radiological features and therapeutic responses of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving biological agents: a retrospective multicenter study in Japan.

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the radiological features of and therapeutic responses to pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in the setting of biological therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 13 patients from multiple centers who had developed pulmonary NTM disease during biological therapy for RA, including infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, and tocilizumab.

Results: Most cases were asymptomatic or resulted in only common-cold-like symptoms.

Clinical and radiological features of acute-onset diffuse interstitial lung diseases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving treatment with biological agents: importance of Pneumocystis pneumonia in Japan revealed by a multicenter study.

Objective: Acute-onset diffuse interstitial lung disease (AoDILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been a serious concern, especially for those under treatment with biological agents which may affect the presentation and outcome of AoDILD, including Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Therefore, we conducted a retrospective, multi-center study of AoDILD in RA patients receiving biological agents.

Methods: Patients who developed AoDILD while receiving biological agents (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and tocilizumab) were enrolled in the study.

Pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis with intrathoracic mass.

Pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis is a food-borne parasitic disease caused by the lung fluke Paragonimus westermani or other species of Paragonimus, which is endemic in Southeast Asia. It presents mainly pleural effusion or intrapulmonary nodules with respiratory symptoms. However, here we describe an exceedingly rare case of Paragonimus westermani with a mass in the pleural cavity.

[Clinical and radiological features of tuberculous pneumonia in patients with emphysema].

Purpose: To elucidate the clinical and radiological features of tuberculous pneumonia in patients with pulmonary emphysema.

Material And Method: Three emphysematous cases diagnosed with tuberculous pneumonia are clinically and radiologically reviewed.

Result: Case 1 was a 62-year-old male with an infiltrate in the right upper lobe.

Comparison of clinical and radiological features of pneumocystis pneumonia between malignancy cases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases: a multicenter study.

Background: The clinical features of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) differ according to the predisposing factors responsible for immunosuppression. Although PCP in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been extensively described, its characteristics in non-AIDS patients, such as those with malignancies, are not thoroughly documented.

Study Objective: To characterize and compare the clinical and imaging features of PCP in patients with malignancies with those in AIDS patients.

[Various aspects of acinar lesions--the key finding of pulmonary tuberculosis on HRCT].

Acinar lesions, a pathologist's naming for granulomatous lesions formed in the peripheral air space, that is, in the bronchiole or its adjacent alveolar space, is very characteristic and pathognomonic for tuberculosis on HRCT imaging. As a radiological term, it is equal to centrilobular nodule or branching shadow, or tree-in-bud appearance in the recent trend. It is universally seen in most of tuberculosis cases, irrespective of its stage or extensity.

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab: a retrospective review and case-control study of 21 patients.

Objective: To establish proper management of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with infliximab. PCP has been observed in 0.4% of patients with RA treated with infliximab in Japan.

Clinical and radiological features of Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, in comparison with methotrexate pneumonitis and Pneumocystis pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a multicenter study.

Objective: To elucidate the clinical and radiological features of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), compared with methotrexate (MTX) pneumonitis in RA and Pneumocystis pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Subjects And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 14 PCP cases in RA (RA-PCP), 10 MTX pneumonitis cases in RA (MTX-P) and 11 PCP cases in AIDS (AIDS-PCP) from 9 centers in the Kanto area in the last 6 years.

Results: Compared with AIDS-PCP, both RA-PCP and MTX-P developed more rapidly, showing higher serum CRP and lower plasma beta-D-glucan levels, and more severe oxygenation impairment.

[Pathogenesis of chronic disseminated acinar pulmonary tuberculosis: Oka's classification of pulmonary tuberculosis type IIB--a discussion through an analysis of two typical cases].

Purpose: To elucidate the pathogenesis of chronic disseminated acinar pulmonary tuberculosis (Oka's classification type IIB).

Subjects And Methods: The subjects are two cases of chronic disseminated acinar pulmonary tuberculosis. The pathogenesis were discussed through an analysis of their radiologic findings on admission and in the past.

[Two cases of respiratory infection complicating treatment with infliximab].

Infliximab, an anti-TNF-alpha agent, is highly effective against rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. However, respiratory infection can occur as a complication. We report two cases complicated by respiratory infection following administration of infliximab.