Factors associated with activated clotting time following heparin administration in pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass: A retrospective study.

Introduction: The recently recommended activated clotting time (ACT) to be maintained at the initiation of and during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is ≥480 s. However, the post-unfractionated heparin (UFH) administration ACT occasionally does not exceed 480 s. Therefore, in this study, we retrospectively evaluated the factors influencing post-heparin administration ACT before initiating CPB.

Increased white blood cell count is associated with an increased demand for unfractionated heparin during veno-arterial extracorporeal oxygenation in lung transplantation.

Background: This retrospective observational study aimed to examine whether clinical inflammatory parameters were associated with the requirement dosage of unfractionated heparin (UFH) to maintain the range of ACT in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) during lung transplantation surgery.

Methods: Among all patients who underwent lung transplantation using V-A ECMO from January 2021 to May 2022, 27 patients were included. These patients were divided into two groups based on whether the infusion rate of UFH was increased from the initial infusion rate (7-8 units/kg/h) (increased group, n = 10) or the infusion rate was maintained or decreased (non-increased group, n = 17).

Performance Characteristics of a New-Generation Digital Bismuth Germanium Oxide PET/CT System, Omni Legend 32, According to NEMA NU 2-2018 Standards.

The Omni Legend 32 PET/CT system features silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based detectors with bismuth germanium oxide crystals and a 32-cm axial field of view (FOV). The present study aimed to determine the performance characteristics of the Omni Legend 32 PET/CT system according to National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 2-2018 standards. The PET component of this system comprises 22 detector modules; each module contains 24 detector blocks with 72 bismuth germanium oxide crystals with a volume of 4.

Oxygen extraction fraction is not uniform in human brain: a positron emission tomography study.

The regional differences in cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in brain were investigated using positron emission tomography (PET) in detail with consideration of systemic errors in PET measurement estimated by simulation studies. The cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), OEF, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO) were measured on healthy men by PET with O-labeled gases. The OEF values in the pons and the parahippocampal gyrus were significantly smaller than in the other brain regions.

Subclinical involvement of the trunk muscles in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.

Background: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) is a useful tool for revealing the disease-specific distribution of affected muscles and clinically asymptomatic muscle involvements in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs).

Purpose: To examine inflammatory changes in the systemic skeletal muscles, including the thoracoabdominal trunk, in IIMs using WB-MRI.

Material And Methods: We prospectively obtained WB-MRI axial images from 10 patients with IIMs, including antisynthetase syndrome (ASS), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), sporadic inclusion body myositis, and myopathy associated with antimitochondrial antibody.

A proposed combination of flat-panel detector and mobile X-ray systems for low-dose image-guided central venous catheter insertion.

A central venous catheter (CVC) should be inserted at the optimum position to infuse medicines, blood products, nutrients, or fluids. Positioning of the catheter tip is commonly performed under landmark or fluoroscopic guidance. However, Japanese regulations do not allow the performing of fluoroscopy-guided procedures outside of the fluoroscopy room.

A novel case of concurrent occurrence of demyelinating-polyneuropathy-causing PMP22 duplication and SOX10 gene mutation producing severe hypertrophic neuropathy.

Background: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, also referred to as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), is most often caused by a duplication of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene. This duplication causes CMT type 1A (CMT1A). CMT1A rarely occurs in combination with other hereditary neuromuscular disorders.

Integrated PET/MRI scanner with oxygen-15 labeled gases for quantification of cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, cerebral oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen.

Objectives: Measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO) by PET with oxygen-15 labeled gases is useful for diagnosis and treatment planning in cases of chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease. In the present study, CBF, CBV, OEF and CMRO were measured using the integrated design of PET/MRI scanner system. This is a first attempt to measure cerebral perfusion and oxygen metabolism using PET/MRI with oxygen-15 labeled gases.

Evaluation of a model-based attenuation correction method on whole-body F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.

The bone cannot be evaluated using magnetic resonance attenuation correction (MRAC) with the Dixon sequence. To solve this issue, the present study aimed to evaluate model-based AC for whole-body 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by creating bone segmentation. We analyzed and evaluated the data of 31 consecutive patients.

Human dosimetry of free At and meta-[At]astatobenzylguanidine (At-MABG) estimated using preclinical biodistribution from normal mice.

Background: At is one of the ideal nuclides for targeted radionuclide therapies (TRTs). Meta-[At]astatobenzylguanidine (At-MABG) has been proposed for the treatment of pheochromocytoma. To effectively use these radiopharmaceuticals, dosimetry must be performed.

Measurement of the half-value layer for CT systems in a single-rotation technique: Reduction of stray radiation with lead apertures.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare two methods of assessing the half-value layer (HVL) for computed tomography scanners in a single-rotation technique with and without lead apertures (SRTLA / SRT).

Methods: A 0.6 cc real-time ionization chamber was suspended freely in the air at the isocenter, and six sheets of lead (130 × 170 × 2 mm) were placed at the bottom of the gantry cover, forming five apertures each having a width of 16 mm (SRTLA geometry).

Determination of the Kinetic Parameters for 123I Uptake by the Thyroid, Thyroid Weights, and Thyroid Volumes in Present-day Healthy Japanese Volunteers.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the kinetic parameters that determine the uptake rate of radioiodide in the thyroid over 24 h after administration and to estimate thyroid volumes/masses of present-day Japanese. Methods: We determined the thyroid uptake rate of I in healthy male Japanese after oral administration (4.5-8.

Detectability of Malignant Lesions by Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Whole-Body Integrated Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic ability of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using integrated positron emission tomography/MRI(PET/MRI).

Methods: Axial T2-weighted image (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), coronal T1-weighted image (T1WI), axial volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination in the lung field, and 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG-PET) were evaluated in combination with T2WI alone, T2WI + DWI, T2WI + DWI + T1WI, T2WI + DWI + T1WI + volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (all MRI images), and all MRI + FDG-PET.

Results: A total of 370 lesions were observed in 90 (62.

[Thoracoabdominal muscle involvement in anti-PL-7 myopathy revealed by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging].

A 33-year-old woman developed progressive weakness in the proximal limbs with myalgia and morning stiffness. Physical examination revealed low-grade fever, heliotrope eyelids and mechanic's hand. On neurological examination, she showed Medical Research Council grade 4 weakness in the shoulder girdle, proximal limb muscles, and grade 4 weakness in the abdominis muscle according to Daniels's scale.

[Introduction and Applications of 3D Printing in Radiological Technology].

A 3D printing emerges as a common procedure in clinical radiology practice after installation of a module that converts the digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) dataset into stereolithography (STL) data on medical workstations. However, they did not conventionally provide the appropriate filtering, sculpting, hollowing out, and Boolean (subtraction) operations on STL data. These functions are indispensable to handle the STL data to fabricate the smooth, low-cost, and sophisticated models.

A Case of a Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy-Defibrillator Exhibiting a Lower and Alternately Variable Basic Rate.

A cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) (Medtronic Inc. Protecta XT) was implanted in a 67-year-old man who had cardiac sarcoidosis with extremely low cardiac function. He had ventricular tachycardia which was controlled by catheter ablation, medication and pacing.

Overriding TKI resistance of renal cell carcinoma by combination therapy with IL-6 receptor blockade.

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a tumor entity with poor prognosis due to limited therapy options. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) represent the standard of care for RCCs, however a significant proportion of RCC patients develop resistance to this therapy. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is considered to be associated with poor prognosis in RCCs.

Normative data of dopaminergic neurotransmission functions in substantia nigra measured with MRI and PET: Neuromelanin, dopamine synthesis, dopamine transporters, and dopamine D receptors.

The central dopaminergic system is of major importance in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. In the present study, the normative data of dopaminergic neurotransmission functions in the midbrain, consisting of neuromelanin, dopamine synthesis, dopamine transporters and dopamine D receptors, were constructed using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and positron emission tomography (PET). PET studies with L-[β-C]DOPA, [F]FE-PE2I and [C]FLB457 and MRI studies were performed on healthy young men.

Mesoscopic Multimodal Imaging Provides New Insight to Tumor Tissue Evaluation: An Example of Macrophage Imaging of Hepatic Tumor using Organosilica Nanoparticles.

Multimodal imaging using novel multifunctional nanoparticles provides new approach to biomedical field. Thiol-organosilica nanoparticles containing iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and rhodamine B (thiol OS-MNP/Rho) were applied to multimodal imaging of hepatic tumor of Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of LEC rats revealed tumors in the liver clearly and semi-quantitatively due to a labeling of macrophages in liver.

Relaxometric property of organosilica nanoparticles internally functionalized with iron oxide and fluorescent dye for multimodal imaging.

Multimodal imaging using novel multifunctional nanoparticles provides a new approach for the biomedical field. Thiol-organosilica nanoparticles containing iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as the core and rhodamine B in the thiol-organosilica layer (thiol OS-MNP/Rho) were synthesized in a one-pot process. The thiol OS-MNP/Rho showed enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast and high fluorescence intensity.