Effect of nicotine on the pelvic afferent nerve activity and bladder pressure in rats.

Objectives: To record afferent nerve activity and bladder pressure in anesthetized male rats and to investigate whether increased afferent nerve activity induced by nicotine is able to evoke reflex bladder contractions.

Methods: Using continuous infusion cystometrography, bladder pressure was measured via a bladder cannula. Afferent activity was recorded in the uncut L6 dorsal root.

Demonstration of antiallodynic effects of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor meloxicam on established diabetic neuropathic pain in mice.

Only a few experimental studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of some cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors for neuropathic pain in diabetic animals. In this study we investigated the usefulness of one such COX-2 inhibitor, meloxicam, for treatment of established diabetic neuropathic pain in mice. Intraperitoneal and perineural injection, but not intrathecal injection, of meloxicam elevated the lowered threshold in the von Frey test.

Separate recording of A-delta and C fiber-mediated nociceptive flexor reflex responses of mouse hindlimb using electromyography and the characteristics of wind-up appearing in the responses.

To measure separately electromyogram (EMG) activity of A-delta and C fiber-mediated responses and study the characteristics of drug effects on them in mice, we modified our original method designed to measure these responses associated with hindlimb withdrawal movements. Single electrical stimulation applied to the toe elicited biphasic EMG activity in the ipsilateral femoris biceps muscle and withdrawal movement. Times to peak of the short- and long-latency response of EMG activity were almost consistent with those obtained from the hindlimb movement.

Adsorption of bile acid by chitosan salts prepared with cinnamic acid and analogue compounds.

A chitosan (CS) powder treated with cinnamic acid and an analogue compound (CN) was prepared as CS-CN. Using it, bile acid adsorption by CS-CN and the release of CN were investigated in vitro. When CS-CN was soaked in a taurocholate solution, it released CN and simultaneously adsorbed the bile acid.

Comparison of the effects of percutaneous and intraduodenal administration of oxybutynin on bladder contraction and salivation in rabbits.

Aim: As only a few basic animal experiments have assessed the usefulness of percutaneous application of oxybutynin, we compared the effects of percutaneous application and intraduodenal injection of oxybutynin on urinary bladder contraction accompanied by micturition in conscious rabbits and salivation in anesthetized rabbits.

Methods: Bladder contractions were induced by continuous infusion of saline (2 mL/min) into the bladder. Salivary secretion was induced by pilocarpine (0.

Central muscarinic receptor subtypes regulating voiding in rats.

Purpose: Muscarinic receptors are distributed widely in the brain. A recent study revealed that central muscarinic receptors are involved in voiding regulation. However, to our knowledge the role of each muscarinic receptor subtype has not been resolved.

A method for producing overactive bladder in the rat and investigation of the effects of GABAergic receptor agonists and glutamatergic receptor antagonists on the cystometrogram.

Purpose: We induced radio frequency (RF) lesions in the neuronal pathway leading from the forebrain to the pontine micturition center (PMC) to produce a rat model of bladder overactivity. We studied the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid agonists (diazepam and baclofen) and glutamate receptor antagonists (MK-801 maleate and GYKI52466 [1-(4-aminophenyl-D-4-methyl-7,8 methylenedioxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine] hydrochloride) on the cystometrogram and developed a possible explanation of the neuronal mechanisms underlying RF lesion induced bladder overactivity.

Materials And Method: Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and RF lesions were produced in the nuclei basalis.

Anti-hyperglycemic effect of fangchinoline isolated from Stephania tetrandra Radix in streptozotocin-diabetic mice.

Kampo medicine, Stephania tetrandra Radix (Stephania) in Boi-ogi-to increases the blood insulin level and falls the blood glucose level in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic ddY mice. These actions of Stephania are potentiated by Astragalus membranaceus Bunge Radix (Astragali) in Boi-ogi-to (Liu et al., J.

Method for simultaneous recording of the prostatic contractile and urethral pressure responses in anesthetized rats and the effects of tamsulosin.

We simultaneously recorded the prostatic contractile and urethral pressure responses to electrical stimulation (ES) of the hypogastric nerves (HGNs) or phenylephrine in anesthetized rats and studied the effects of tamsulosin on these responses. At 0.01 and 0.

Sex difference in urethral response to electrical stimulation of efferent nerves in the pudendal sensory branch of rats.

Background: We reported sex difference in the urethral pressure (UP) response to electrical stimulation (ES) of the hypogastric nerve in rats. The purpose of the present study was to report on sex difference in the UP response to ES of the pudendal nerves (PN) in rats before and after injection of d-tubocurarine (d-tc).

Methods: Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane and alpha-chloralose.

Effects of adenosine triphosphate dependent potassium channel opener on bladder overactivity in rats with cerebral infarction.

Purpose: We evaluated the effect of the adenosine triphosphate dependent K channel opener KRN2391 (N-cyano-N' -(2-nitroxyethyl)-3-pyridinecarboximidamide methanesulfonate) (Kirin Brewery Co., Gunma, Japan) on bladder overactivity induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Materials And Methods: At 7 days after implantation of a bladder catheter in male Sprague-Dawley rats a cannula for intracerebroventricular administration was implanted and the left middle cerebral artery was occluded with 4-zero monofilament nylon thread.