Association of Preoperative Physical Fitness With Post-Esophagectomy Pneumonia in Older With Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer: An Exploratory Prospective Study.

Backgrounds: Currently, there is a lack of evidence of prehabilitation during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) to prevent pneumonia of older patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of preoperative physical fitness after NAC with post-esophagectomy pneumonia in older patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC).

Methods: This single-center exploratory prospective cohort study included 80 patients aged ≥ 65 years with LAEC scheduled for curative esophagectomy after NAC between 2021 and 2023.

Investigating the effects of home-based rehabilitation after intensive inpatient rehabilitation on motor function, activities of daily living, and caregiver burden.

Background: Home-based rehabilitation involves professional rehabilitation care and guidance offered by physical, occupational, and speech therapists to patients in their homes to help them recuperate in a familiar living environment. The effects on the patient's motor function and activities of daily living (ADLs), and caregiver burden for community-dwelling patients are well-documented; however, little is known about the immediate benefits in patients discharged from the hospital. Therefore, we examined the effects of continuous home-based rehabilitation immediately after discharge to patients who received intensive rehabilitation during hospitalization.

Combined Assessment of Cognitive and Balance Abilities to Predict Falls in Patients in the Convalescent Rehabilitation Ward.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between falls and cognitive and balance problems in patients.

Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed the medical records of 1010 older patients admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward. The primary endpoint was fall occurrence during ward stays.

Clinical mechanism of muscle mass loss during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in older patients with esophageal cancer: a prospective cohort study.

In older patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC), loss of skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass during NAC in older patients with LAEC. This was a single-center exploratory prospective cohort study.

Effects of speech tracking method using hearing aids for hearing disorder in older people.

Objectives: Speech tracking is defined as a complex act or task of listening in which the learner tracks the speech heard and repeats it as accurately as possible while paying attention to incoming contextual information. This ability involves auditory input, speech output, repetition, and divided attention. In this small-scale study, we aimed to use a speech-tracking method to train older adults with hearing loss and examine its effects on hearing loss from multiple perspectives, including hearing handicap, frailty, and neuropsychological testing.

A comparative study of changes in H/M under spinning permanent magnet stimulation, repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in healthy individuals.

Unlabelled: Kiso A, Maeda H, Otaka Y, Mori H, Kagaya H. A comparative study of changes in H/M under spinning permanent magnet stimulation, repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in healthy individuals. Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2024; 15: 58-62.

LONG-TERM REPEATED BOTULINUM TOXIN A TREATMENT OVER 12 YEARS GRADUALLY CHANGES GAIT CHARACTERISTICS: SINGLE-CASE STUDY.

Objective: To demonstrate the long-term efficacy of repeated botulinum toxin A injections into the same muscles for ameliorating lower limb spasticity and gait function.

Design: Single-case study.

Patient: A 36-year-old woman with right cerebral haemorrhage received her first botulinum toxin A injection 1,296 days after onset.

Oral hypofunction and social aspects in older adults visiting frailty outpatient clinic.

Background: Oral and social problems can exacerbate long-term care. Understanding the relationship between social aspects and oral hypofunction can help identify high-risk factors for long-term care.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the social aspects of oral hypofunction among medical outpatients.

Agreement between Vital Signs Measured Using Mat-Type Noncontact Sensors and Those from Conventional Clinical Assessment.

Vital signs are crucial for assessing the condition of a patient and detecting early symptom deterioration. Noncontact sensor technology has been developed to take vital measurements with minimal burden. This study evaluated the accuracy of a mat-type noncontact sensor in measuring respiratory and pulse rates in patients with cardiovascular diseases compared to conventional methods.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Cardiac Rehabilitation Using the Balance Exercise Assist Robot in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: Recent studies have investigated the effects of exercise on the functional capacity of older adults; training with a balance exercise assist robot (BEAR) effectively improves posture. This study compared the clinical safety and efficacy of training using BEAR video games to conventional resistance training in older adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: Ninety patients (mean age: 78 years) hospitalized due to worsening CVD were randomized to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) Group R (conventional resistance training) or Group B (training using BEAR).

Deglutition dynamics of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: In the present study, we performed a detailed analysis of deglutitive dynamics during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using a methodology developed by Sato et al. We hypothesized that the frequency of deglutition would decrease with increasing severity of OSA. The aim of this study is to clarify the involvement of deglutitive dynamics during sleep in OSA by investigating the correlations between deglutition and sleep parameters.

Association between oral frailty and sarcopenia among frailty clinic outpatients: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral frailty and explore its relationship with oral function and sarcopenia among older outpatients.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we retrospectively included older patients who visited a frailty outpatient clinic. We assessed total oral frailty employing, among other measures, oral diadochokinesis (/ta/ sound) for tongue-lip movement and tongue pressure.

Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation for preventing shoulder subluxation after stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Shoulder subluxation caused by paralysis after stroke is a serious issue affecting shoulder pain and functional prognosis. However, its preventive treatment has not been fully investigated.

Aim: To investigate the effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) on the prevention of shoulder subluxation.

THE EFFECT OF IN-BED LEG CYCLING EXERCISES ON MUSCLE STRENGTH IN PATIENTS WITH INTENSIVE CARE UNIT-ACQUIRED WEAKNESS: A SINGLE-CENTER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.

Objective: To examine the effect of in-bed leg cycling exercise on patients with intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW).

Design: Single-center retrospective study.

Subjects/patients: Patients admitted to the ICU between January 2019 and March 2023 were enrolled in the ergometer group, and those admitted to the ICU between August 2017 and December 2018 were enrolled in the control group.

Immediate Reduction in Spasticity of Ankle Plantar Flexors in a Stroke Patient after Treatment with a Spinning Permanent Magnet Device.

Background: Magnetic stimulation devices can be large because of the need for cooling systems. We developed a compact and lightweight Spinning Permanent Magnet (SPM) device that generates magnetic fields with intensities below the motor threshold. In this report, we present the case of a post-stroke patient in which an immediate reduction in spasticity of the ankle plantar flexors was achieved after SPM treatment.

Activity level by clinical severity and sex differences in patients with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Background: To determine how to maintain activity in persons with dementia and mild cognitive impairment, we examined the daily activity level by different degrees of clinical severity and sex differences in patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Methods: This study included 92 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 33 patients with mild cognitive impairment who visited our rehabilitation department. The Frenchay Activities Index was used to assess the level of activity.

Clinical frailty scale is useful in predicting return-to-home in patients admitted due to coronavirus disease.

Background: The spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has been prolonged, with the highly contagious Omicron variant becoming the predominant variant by 2022. Many patients admitted to dedicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wards (COVID-19 treatment units) develop disuse syndrome while being treated in the hospital, and their ability to perform activities of daily living declines, making it difficult for hospitals to discharge them. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the degree of frailty and home discharge of patients admitted to a COVID-19 treatment units.

Comparison of electromyography, sound, bioimpedance, and high-resolution manometry for differentiating swallowing and vocalization events.

Objectives: Non-invasive surface recording devices used for detecting swallowing events include electromyography (EMG), sound, and bioimpedance. However, to our knowledge there are no comparative studies in which these waveforms were recorded simultaneously. We assessed the accuracy and efficiency of high-resolution manometry (HRM) topography, EMG, sound, and bioimpedance waveforms, for identifying swallowing events.

Effect of the Effortful Swallow on Pharyngeal Cavity Volume: Kinematic Analysis in Three Dimensions Using 320-Row Area Detector Computed Tomography.

This study evaluated the effects of the effortful swallow (ES) on pharyngeal cavity volume using three-dimensional kinematic analyses. Nine healthy volunteers (30.7 ± 7.

Life-Space Activities Are Associated with the Prognosis of Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease.

Life-space activities are a measure of daily activity level. Here, we examined the association between life-space activities and prognosis in 129 cardiovascular diseases (CVD) patients 65 years of age or older (average age, 79.2 ± 7.

Development of a simple mechanical measurement method to measure spasticity based on an analysis of a clinical maneuver and its concurrent validity with the modified Ashworth scale.

Despite recent developments in the methodology for measuring spasticity, the discriminative capacity of clinically diagnosed spasticity has not been well established. This study aimed to develop a simple device for measuring velocity-dependent spasticity with improved discriminative capacity based on an analysis of clinical maneuver and to examine its reliability and validity. This study consisted of three experiments.