Scoring system for intraoperative diagnosis of intracranial schwannoma by squash cytology.

Objective: To assess the utility of a newly developed squash cytology (SC)-based scoring system for accurate intraoperative diagnosis of schwannoma.

Methods: We first compared SC-based and frozen section (FS) diagnoses with final pathological diagnoses of schwannoma (16 cases), meningioma (39 cases) and low-grade astrocytoma (16 cases). Then, by logistic regression modeling, we identified features of SC preparations that were independently predictive of schwannoma.

Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Endometrium with Difficulty Identifying the Original Site in the Uterus.

Diagnosis of malignant uterine tumor with continuous lesions from the uterine body to the cervix, i.e., endometrial or cervical cancer, depends on the main site of the lesions.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts are a useful cytological finding for diagnosing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are activated fibroblasts or myofibroblasts that play a crucial role in the invasiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, the cytological features and diagnostic significance of CAFs based on pancreatic duct brushing cytology (PDBC) were evaluated.

Methods: The prevalence of fibrous stroma (FS) including CAFs on PDBC in 42 PDAC cases and 33 benign cases was retrospectively investigated.

Intraoperative squash cytology provides a qualitative intraoperative diagnosis for cases in which frozen section yields a diagnosis of equivocal brain tumour.

Objective: We assessed whether intraoperative squash cytology could provide surgeons with a qualitative diagnosis of brain lesions when frozen section diagnosis is equivocal.

Methods: The study included 51 lesions that were diagnosed intraoperatively as equivocal brain tumour on the basis of frozen section. We retrospectively classified the lesions into five groups according to the final histopathological diagnoses (I: malignant lymphomas; II: diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglia tumours; III: pituitary adenomas, IV: metastatic carcinomas; V: others).

Analysis of key clinical features for achieving complete remission in stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: Although development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and various molecular target agents has extended overall survival time (OS) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a complete cure remains rare. We aimed to identify features and treatment modalities of complete remission (CR) cases in stages III and IV NSCLC by analyzing long-term survivors whose OS exceeded 3 years.

Methods: From our hospital database, 1,699 patients, registered as lung cancer between 1 Mar 2004 and 30 Apr 2011, were retrospectively examined.

MicroRNA-204-5p: A novel candidate urinary biomarker of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma.

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (Xp11 tRCC) is a rare sporadic pediatric kidney cancer caused by constitutively active TFE3 fusion proteins. Tumors in patients with Xp11 tRCC tend to recur and undergo frequent metastasis, in part due to lack of methods available to detect early-stage disease.

Vessel Morphologies of the Brain in Cytological Squash Preparations Are Useful for Intraoperative Diagnosis of High-Grade Astrocytomas.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether intraoperative cytological evaluation of squash preparations is of benefit for differentiating high-grade from low-grade astrocytomas.

Methods: Squash preparations of 42 astrocytomas were classified histologically according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2007 classification system as grade II (n = 12), grade III (n = 11), and grade IV (n = 19) and were divided into 2 groups, namely a low-grade group (grade II) and a high-grade group (grades III and IV). The focus was on morphological cell and vessel characteristics, namely nuclear atypia, chromatin pattern, nuclear enlargement, variation in nuclear size, the presence of nucleoli, mitosis, tumor necrosis, cell density, multibranched vessels, and vascular dilatation, and these characteristics were compared between the low- and high-grade groups.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation: the Fushimi AF Registry.

Unlabelled: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in dialysis patients. However, clinical characteristics and outcomes of dialysis patients with AF are poorly understood. The Fushimi AF Registry is a community-based prospective survey of AF patients in Japan.

Diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology of the breast in Japan: report from the Working Group on the Accuracy of Breast Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology.

The Working Group of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology was assembled to assess the current status of breast cytology in Japan by conducting a large-scale survey regarding the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in Japan. We collected data and investigated the status of breast cytological diagnosis at 12 different cooperating facilities in Japan, and re-evaluated their false-negative and false-positive cases. Among 30,535 individuals who underwent a breast cytological examination, analyses were conducted on 10,890 individuals (35.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of ductal adenoma of the breast with intracellular mucin: a report of three cases.

Background: Ductal adenoma of the breast is a benign lesion that can mimic both the clinical and cytopathologic features of carcinoma. Benign breast lesions with intracellular mucin are extremely rare, and ductal adenoma with intracellular mucin has not previously been reported. Here we present three cases of ductal adenoma of the breast with foci of intracellular mucin.

Evaluation of HER2 gene amplification in invasive breast cancer using a dual-color chromogenic in situ hybridization (dual CISH).

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay is considered the 'gold standard' for evaluation of HER2/neu (HER2) gene status, however, it is difficult to recognize morphologic features of tumors using fluorescence microscopy. Thus, chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) has been proposed as an alternative method to evaluate HER2 gene amplification. Here, we examined the dual color CISH (dual CISH) method which provides information regarding the copy number of the HER2 gene and chromosome 17 centromere from a single slide.

A new reporting form for breast cytology.

The Cytology and Core Needle Biopsy Subcommittee, organized under the Rules Committee of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society, has prepared a new form for breast cytology reports. This reporting form consists of "diagnostic categories" and "recommendations." The "diagnostic category" is either "specimen inadequacy" or "specimen adequacy.

Cytological features of the cystic fluid of pancreatic schwannoma with cystic degeneration. A case report.

Context: Schwannomas are benign neoplasms arising from peripheral nerve tissue. Pancreatic schwannoma is a very rare condition. We present the histological and cytological features of a pancreatic schwannoma with cystic degeneration.

Lower HER-2/chromosome enumeration probe 17 ratio in cytologic HER-2 fluorescence in situ hybridization for breast cancers: three-dimensional analysis of intranuclear localization of centromere 17 and HER-2 signals.

Background: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the gold standard for assessing HER-2 status for breast cancers, and paraffin-embedded tissue sections are used routinely for HER-2 FISH. Cytologic samples also are used, but to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the reliability of these samples. The objective of this study was to elucidate the usefulness of cytologic specimens for HER-2 FISH testing.

Computerized three-dimensional analysis of the heart and great vessels in normal and holoprosencephalic human embryos.

The developing heart and great vessels undergo drastic morphogenetic changes during the embryonic period. To analyze the normal and abnormal development of these organs, it is essential to visualize their structures in three and four dimensions, including the changes occurring with time. We have reconstructed the luminal structure of the hearts and great vessels of staged human embryos from serial histological sections to demonstrate their sequential morphological changes in three dimensions.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of hormone receptors in breast cancer: which scoring system is suitable for highly sensitive procedures?

To evaluate hormone receptors immunohistochemically, standardized staining procedures and scoring systems are required. The authors previously reported that highly sensitive procedures affected basic factors for technical validation. The aim of the present study was to show the characteristics of scoring systems for highly sensitive procedures.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of hormone receptor for routine practice of breast cancer: highly sensitive procedures significantly contribute to the correlation with biochemical assays.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of hormone receptors for breast cancer has been performed parallel to biochemical assays. Recently, immunohistochemistry has tended to substitute the biochemical method in Japan. To clarify the factors concerned and problems to be resolved, we reviewed our evaluation system for hormone receptors by immunohistochemistry from 1990.

Dysgerminoma in a patient with a tumor of the neck. Empiric treatment of stage IV dysgerminoma.

The evolution of therapy for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors is one of the true success stories in oncology. Treatment outcome has improved greatly thanks to cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. According to the well-established treatment guidelines for advanced cases, we treated a case of stage IV undifferentiated germ cell tumor in which we were able to preserve the patient's fertility.