Decreased serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio is associated with low tongue pressure.

Aim: Tongue strength plays an important role in the process of food intake, and low tongue pressure has been associated with aspiration pneumonia, cognitive decline, and mortality. However, special equipment for tongue pressure measurement is uncommon in general practice. Recently, the serum creatinine-to-cystatin C (Cr/CysC) ratio has been validated as a marker of muscle volume mass.

Incidence and risks of coronary heart disease and heart failure in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Fukuoka diabetes registry.

Aims: We prospectively investigated the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF), risk factors and prognosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 4,874 outpatients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65 years, male 57%, previous CHD 14%) were registered at multicenter diabetes clinics of a prefecture in 2008-2010 and followed for the development of CHD and HF requiring hospitalization for a median of 5.3 years (follow-up rate 98%).

Usefulness of urinary tubule injury markers for predicting progression of renal dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Aims: We prospectively investigated the association of urinary tubule injury markers with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), liver-type fatty-acid-binding protein (L-FABP), and urinary albumin-to creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured in 2,685 participants with type 2 diabetes. Renal outcomes were ≥ 30% decline in eGFR from the baseline and annual eGFR decline for 5 years.

Relationship of coffee consumption with a decline in kidney function among patients with type 2 diabetes: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Aims/introduction: The evidence regarding the effects of coffee consumption on incident chronic kidney disease is inconclusive, and no studies have investigated the relationship in patients with diabetes. We aimed to prospectively investigate the relationship between coffee consumption and the decline in estimated glomerular function rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: A total of 3,805 patients (2,112 men, 1,693 women) with type 2 diabetes (mean age 64.

Incidence of end-stage renal disease and risk factors for progression of renal dysfunction in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Background: Epidemiological data regarding diabetic kidney disease are accumulated insufficiently in Japan. We prospectively investigated the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and risk factors for progression of renal dysfunction in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: 4904 participants with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65 years, mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 75 mL/min/1.

Constipation and diabetic kidney disease: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Background: Constipation was shown to be associated with higher risk of end-stage kidney disease or incident chronic kidney disease, although evidence in diabetic patients is lacking. The objective of the present study was to examine the association between constipation and diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Methods: In total, 4826 Japanese outpatients with type 2 diabetes were classified according to presence or absence of constipation (defecation frequency < 3 times/week and/or taking laxative medication).

Defecation frequency and glycemic control in patients with diabetes: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Aims: Constipation has been shown to be associated with a higher risk of diabetes. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between defecation frequency, one of the major symptoms of constipation, and glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between defecation frequency and HbA in patients with diabetes.

Incidence of stroke and its association with glycemic control and lifestyle in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Fukuoka diabetes registry.

Aims: We prospectively investigated the incidence of stroke and its subtypes, risk factors and prognosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 4,875 participants with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65.4 years, male 57%, previous stroke 10%) were investigated for the development of stroke for 5 years.

Additive effects of green tea and coffee on all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Introduction: The impact of consuming green tea or coffee on mortality in patients with diabetes is controversial. We prospectively investigated the impact of each beverage and their combination on mortality among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: In all, 4923 patients (2790 men, 2133 women) with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 66 years) were followed prospectively (median, 5.

Incidence of severe hypoglycemia and its association with serum adiponectin in Japanese patients with type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Aims/introduction: The incidence of severe hypoglycemia and its risk factors including an insulin-sensitizing adipokine, adiponectin, were prospectively investigated in Japanese patients with type 1 or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: A total of 207 participants with type 1 diabetes (mean age 55 years) and 1,396 with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (mean age 65 years) from the local diabetes registry were followed for 5 years (follow-up rate 99%). Severe hypoglycemia was defined as events requiring the assistance of others for recovery from hypoglycemia.

Prospective study of cancer in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Background: Although the association between type 2 diabetes and cancer has been reported, few epidemiological studies have been conducted in Japanese patients whose leading cause of death is cancer. We prospectively studied the incidence of site-specific cancer, risk factors for developing cancer, cancer death, and survival in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We followed 4923 participants (mean age, 65 years) with type 2 diabetes attending an outpatient diabetes clinic for a median of 5.

Impact of hip fracture on all-cause mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Aims/introduction: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased hip fracture risk. We investigated the relationship between hip fracture and all-cause death in patients with type 2 diabetes in comparison with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or end-stage renal disease (ERSD).

Materials And Methods: In total, 4,923 Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65 years, 2,790 men, 2,133 women) were followed for a median of 5.

The serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio predicts bone fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Aims: Sarcopenia is involved in the pathogenesis of increased fracture risk associated with diabetes. The serum creatinine to cystatin C (Cr/CysC) ratio has been reported as a surrogate marker for muscle mass. We aimed to prospectively investigate the relationship between the Cr/CysC ratio and fracture risk.

Impact of age at menarche on obesity and glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Aims/introduction: A younger age at menarche is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in adult life. The impact of early-onset menarche on obesity and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes has not been investigated. The present study examined the relationship between age at menarche and obesity and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Impact of Body Weight Loss From Maximum Weight on Fragility Bone Fractures in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Objective: There is growing evidence that weight loss is associated with increased fracture risk in the general population. As patients with diabetes often lose weight intentionally or unintentionally, we aimed to investigate prospectively the relationship between weight loss from maximum body weight and fracture risk.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 4,706 Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes (mean age 66 years), including 2,755 men and 1,951 postmenopausal women, were followed for a median of 5.

Incidence of diabetic foot ulcer in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Fukuoka diabetes registry.

Aims: Although diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious diabetic complication, there have been no large-scale epidemiological studies of DFU in Japan. We prospectively investigated the incidences of DFU and limb amputation, the risk for developing DFU, and mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We followed 4870 participants (mean age, 65 years) with type 2 diabetes attending an outpatient diabetes clinic for a median of 5.

The gene-treatment interaction of paraoxonase-1 gene polymorphism and statin therapy on insulin secretion in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Fukuoka diabetes registry.

Background: Although statins deteriorate glucose metabolism, their glucose-lowering effects have emerged in some situations. Here, we assessed whether these effects are a consequence of statins' interaction with paraoxonase (PON)1 enzyme polymorphism.

Methods: Adult Japanese type 2 diabetes patients (n = 3798) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study.

Serum adiponectin predicts fracture risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Aims/hypothesis: Serum adiponectin has been reported to impact upon fracture risk in the general population. Although type 2 diabetes is associated with increased fracture risk, it is unclear whether serum adiponectin predicts fractures in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to prospectively investigate the relationship between serum adiponectin and fracture risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Joint impact of modifiable lifestyle behaviors on glycemic control and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Aims: Little is known about the combined effects of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors on glycemia. The objective of this study was to examine the association between combined modifiable lifestyle and glycemic control, as well as markers of insulin resistance and secretion.

Patients And Methods: In total, 4,870 patients with type 2 diabetes were sorted by lifestyle scores.

Comparison of cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rates for predicting all-cause mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Background: There is little information about the predictive ability of cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) for all-cause mortality in Asian populations. We compared the discriminatory ability of eGFR for all-cause mortality with that of creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 4869 participants were classified into four categories (eGFR ≤29, 30-59, 60-89, and ≥90 ml/min/1.

Effects of smoking and its cessation on creatinine- and cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rates and albuminuria in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Cigarette smoking is an important modifiable risk factor for lifestyle diseases. The smoking rate remains high, and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in Asian countries; however, few studies have examined the effects of smoking on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Asian diabetic patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between smoking and its cessation with CKD and its components in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Association of Genetically Determined Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Activity with Diabetic Complications in Relation to Alcohol Consumption in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) detoxifies aldehyde produced during ethanol metabolism and oxidative stress. A genetic defect in this enzyme is common in East Asians and determines alcohol consumption behaviors. We investigated the impact of genetically determined ALDH2 activity on diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications in relation to drinking habits in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Association of severe hypoglycemia with depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Objective: Although many studies have investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with diabetes with depression in Western populations, there is a lack of information regarding other ethnicities. We studied the association between clinical characteristics and depressive symptoms in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 4218 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes who were not taking antidepressants were divided into four groups according to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score.

Dose- and time-dependent association of smoking and its cessation with glycemic control and insulin resistance in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Objective: Cigarette smoking is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of smoking and its cessation on glycemic control in diabetic patients has not been fully examined yet. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of smoking status with glycemic level and markers of insulin resistance and secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Impact of leisure-time physical activity on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.

Aims/hypothesis: The effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors are not fully understood in Asian type 2 diabetic patients, who are typically non-obese. We studied associations between LTPA and glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: A total of 4,870 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients aged ≥ 20 years were divided into eight groups according to their LTPA.