Caveolin-3 is Up-Regulated in the Physiological Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Induced by Voluntary Exercise Training in Rats.

Various substances have been introduced in relation with cardiac hypertrophy almost always with controversy in their roles in signal transduction. Those controversies may attribute to the diversity of cardiac hypertrophy. We previously showed that calcineurin was activated in physiological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) induced by voluntary exercise training, but not in decompensated pressure-overload LVH.