The safety of rapid administration of enteral nutrition in acute stroke patients.

Background/aims: Early initiation of enteral nutrition (EN) is recommended for acute stroke patients, but it is time-consuming. Reducing EN administration time without increasing the frequency of complications is a worthwhile goal. We aimed to determine whether this goal was feasible.

Comparative study of hydrolytic metabolism of dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by microsomes of various rat tissues.

Phthalates are used in food packaging, and are transferred to foods as contaminants. In this study, we examined the hydrolytic metabolism of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) by rat tissue microsomes. We found that carboxylesterase and lipase contribute differently to these activities.

Feasibility of using magnetic resonance imaging as a screening tool for acute stroke thrombolysis.

Background: Feasibility of performing MRI first for suspected hyperacute stroke patients in real-world practice has not been fully examined. Moreover, most past studies of reducing door-to-needle time (DNT) in intravenous thrombolysis were conducted using CT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of an MRI-first policy and examine the effects of a quality improvement (QI) process for reducing DNT using MRI.

Cytochrome P450-inhibitory activity of parabens and phthalates used in consumer products.

The in vitro cytochrome P450 (CYP)-inhibitory effects of 11 parabens and 7 phthalates used in consumer products, as well as their hydrolytic metabolites, were investigated, using rat liver microsomes as an enzyme source. The effects on individual CYP isozymes were evaluated by assaying inhibition of activities towards specific substrates, i.e.

Hydrolytic metabolism of phenyl and benzyl salicylates, fragrances and flavoring agents in foods, by microsomes of rat and human tissues.

Salicylates are used as fragrance and flavor ingredients for foods, as UV absorbers and as medicines. Here, we examined the hydrolytic metabolism of phenyl and benzyl salicylates by various tissue microsomes and plasma of rats, and by human liver and small-intestinal microsomes. Both salicylates were readily hydrolyzed by tissue microsomes, predominantly in small intestine, followed by liver, although phenyl salicylate was much more rapidly hydrolyzed than benzyl salicylate.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN IDENTITY AND ACADEMIC MOTIVATION.

This study examined university students' academic motivation, focusing on individual differences in their sense of identity. The participants were 109 female Japanese students from two private universities (age range = 19-22 yr., M = 19.

Comparative study of the hydrolytic metabolism of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, heptyl- and dodecylparaben by microsomes of various rat and human tissues.

Hydrolytic metabolism of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, heptyl- and dodecylparaben by various tissue microsomes and plasma of rats, as well as human liver and small-intestinal microsomes, was investigated and the structure-metabolic activity relationship was examined. Rat liver microsomes showed the highest activity toward parabens, followed by small-intestinal and lung microsomes. Butylparaben was most effectively hydrolyzed by the liver microsomes, which showed relatively low hydrolytic activity towards parabens with shorter and longer alkyl side chains.