Positive pediatric exercise capacity trajectory predicts better adult Fontan physiology rationale for early establishment of exercise habits.

Objective: Exercise training is recommended for its possible favorable effects on Fontan pathophysiology. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of pediatric exercise capacity trajectory, which may mimic the effect of exercise training, on late adult Fontan pathophysiology.

Methods: Since 1990, 97 Fontan patients had consecutively undergone two serial cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPX1 and CPX2) during childhood (ages 8 ± 2 and 14 ± 2 years) and one during adulthood (CPX3; age 23 ± 5 years).

Selective Regulation of FGF19 and FGF21 Expression by Cellular and Nutritional Stress.

Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and FGF21 are members of a subfamily of the FGFs called endocrine FGFs. FGF19 regulates the bile acid synthetic pathway. FGF19 expression is induced by farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear hormone receptor activated by bile acids in the small intestine.

High incidence of community-acquired pneumonia among rapidly aging population in Japan: a prospective hospital-based surveillance.

The age-group-specific incidence and etiological patterns of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) have not been fully established in Japan. A 2-year prospective surveillance was conducted in Kochi city, Western Japan. All CAP patients aged ≥15 years who visited a community-based hospital were enrolled in the study.