Economic hardship among principal family caregivers of cancer patients at Khartoum oncology hospital 2020: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The impact of cancer extends beyond patients and consumes their families. Family members are widely recognized as informal caregivers. The economic burden on family caregivers is increased with new treatments, prolonged survival, and reduced stay in the acute care setting.

Mapping timely access to emergency and essential surgical services: The Malaysian experience.

Background: Surgical conditions form a significant proportion of the global burden of disease. Since the 2015 World Health Assembly resolution A68.15, there is recognition that the provision of essential surgical care is an integral part of universal access to health care.

RACS and its Fellows: a contribution to sustainable healthcare improvement in South East Asia.

The question of whether small non-government organizations with comparatively small budgets can make a substantial contribution to sustainable improvement in health care in low- and middle-income countries is crucial to funding global surgical projects. The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and its Fellows have partnered with local organizations and clinicians to deliver a wide range of projects in South East Asia. These projects have proved sustainable and have increased healthcare capacity in these nations.

Success rates of coronal and partial pulpotomies in mature permanent molars: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of coronal and partial pulpotomies in mature permanent molars with cariously exposed vital pulp. Method and materials: The protocol of the current review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD 42020190785). Articles published between January 1980 and June 2020 were searched in eight different online databases and six textbooks according to PRISMA guidelines.

Allele frequency comparative study between the two main Egyptian ethnic groups.

The study of genetic correlation between ethnic groups, constituting one nation, is an important issue. This work aims to study the correlation between allele frequencies of nine Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) autosomal loci (D3S1358, VWA, FGA, THO1, TPOX, CSF1PO, D5S818, D13S317, and D7S820) for the main two Egyptian ethnic groups, Muslims and Christians, in order to test the hypothesis of a common ancestral for the whole Egyptian population. Each group is represented by a sample of 100 unrelated healthy individuals.

Juvenile Breast Hypertrophy: A Successful Breast Reduction of 14.9% Body Weight without Recurrence in a 5-Year Follow-Up.

Juvenile hypertrophy of the breast (JHB) is a rare and relentless disease affecting women in the peripubertal period. We present a 13-year-old girl with massive bilateral JHB, successfully treated with a breast reduction and free nipple graft technique. A total of 7300 grams of breast tissue had been removed, accounting for 14.

NK Cell-Mediated Regulation of Protective Memory Responses against Intracellular Ehrlichial Pathogens.

Ehrlichiae are gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria that cause potentially fatal human monocytic ehrlichiosis. We previously showed that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in host defense against Ehrlichia during primary infection. However, the contribution of NK cells to the memory response against Ehrlichia remains elusive.

The effect of bone displacement operations on facial soft tissues.

A novel biomechanical model for face soft tissue (skin, mucosa, and muscles) is introduced to investigate the effect of mandible and chin bone displacement on the overall appearance of the patient's face. Nonlinear FE analysis is applied to the model and the results obtained are used to help surgeons to decide the amount of displacement required.

External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid and parathyroid surgery: International Neural Monitoring Study Group standards guideline statement.

Unlabelled: Intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) during thyroid surgery has gained widespread acceptance as an adjunct to the gold standard of visual identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Contrary to routine dissection of the RLN, most surgeons tend to avoid rather than routinely expose and identify the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) during thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy. IONM has the potential to be utilized for identification of the EBSLN and functional assessment of its integrity; therefore, IONM might contribute to voice preservation following thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy.

The composition and antimicrobial activities of Cyperus conglomeratus, Desmos chinensis var. lawii and Cyathocalyx zeylanicus essential oils.

The essential oil compositions of the rhizomes of Cyperus conglomeratus (Cyperaceae) collected from Oman and the leaves of two Annonaceae plants, Desmos chinensis var. lawii and Cyathocalyx zeylanicus collected from India were studied by GC, GC-MS and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Twenty-six compounds, representing 84.

Composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils of four commercial grades of Omani luban, the oleo-gum resin of Boswellia sacra FLUECK.

The essential oil compositions of four botanically certified and commercially available samples of Omani lubans (oleo-gum resins of Boswellia sacra Flueck.), locally known as Hoojri, Najdi, Shathari, and Shaabi in Jibali Arabic, obtained from plants growing in four different geographic locations of the Dhofar region of Oman, were analyzed by GC-FID, GC/MS, and (13) C-NMR spectroscopy. The market price of these four grades of lubans differed considerably, according to their color, clump size, and texture.

Identification of different subtypes of breast cancer using tissue microarray.

Breast cancer may be classified into luminal A, luminal B, HER2+/ER-, basal-like and normal-like subtypes based on gene expression profiling or immunohistochemical (IHC) characteristics. The main aim of the present study was to classify breast cancer into molecular subtypes based on immunohistochemistry findings and correlate the subtypes with clinicopathological factors. Two hundred and seventeen primary breast carcinomas tumor tissues were immunostained for ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6, EGFR, CK8/18, p53 and Ki67 using tissue microarray technique.

Primary lymphoma of the thyroid: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

Background: Primary thyroid lymphoma is uncommon and accounts for less than 2-5% of all thyroid malignancies. The aim of the present study was to review our experience and management of primary thyroid lymphoma and to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

Methods: Eleven women and six men with primary thyroid lymphoma were diagnosed and managed in our department between October 1998 and March 2006.

Alkaline phosphatase predicts calcium requirements after total parathyroidectomy in patients receiving dialysis.

Background: : It can be difficult to achieve a stable serum calcium level after parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism. This study examined the impact of a calcium replacement protocol guided by predicted need in reducing hospital stay.

Methods: : This two-phase observational study included patients receiving dialysis who underwent parathyroidectomy.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using PAX8- and PPARG-specific probes reveals the presence of PAX8-PPARG translocation and 3p25 aneusomy in follicular thyroid neoplasms.

At the present time, the differentiation between follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and adenoma can be made only postoperatively and is based on the presence of capsular or vascular invasion. The ability to differentiate preoperatively between the malignant and benign forms of follicular thyroid tumors assumes greater importance in any clinical setting. The PAX8-PPARG translocation has been reported to occur in the majority of FTC.

Emergency thyroid surgery: a surgical challenge.

Background: Acute life threatening presentations of thyroid disease are uncommon. The aim of this study was to review our experience of emergency thyroid surgery with regard to the incidence, management and outcome to this approach.

Methods: Forty patients who underwent emergency thyroid surgery from December 1998 to December 2007 were prospectively accrued in this study.

Total parathyroidectomy under local anaesthesia for renal hyperparathyroidism.

Introduction: Renal hyperparathyroidism with attendant osteodystrophy is a frequent and severe morbidity affecting the quality of life of end stage renal failure patients surviving on long-term renal replacement therapy. A small subgroup of these patients with severe cardiorespiratory dysfunction was deemed at very high risk for general anaesthesia (GA). We report on a series of total parathyroidectomy under local anaesthesia (LA) for these patients.

Total thyroidectomy: the procedure of choice for toxic goitre.

Objective: Over the years, subtotal thyroidectomy has been the mainstay of treatment for toxic goitre; however, total thyroidectomy is increasingly being considered as the procedure of choice. This study aimed to review our experience with total thyroidectomy in toxic goitre and evaluate the outcome of this procedure.

Methods: A total of 67 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with toxic goitres and had total thyroidectomy from January 2003 to February 2005 were included in this prospective open study.

Closure of anterior post-palatoplasty fistula using superior lip myomucosal flap.

Objective: (a) Surgical repair of palatal fistulas are technically difficult due to excessive tissue fibrosis with high failure rate. (b) The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of closure of anterior palatal fistula using myomucosal superior lip flap.

Methods: 33 cases with anterior palatal fistulas after cleft palate repair were subjected to closure in two-layers, the first is the oral mucoperiosteum hinge flap to reconstruct the nasal side and the second is a myomucosal flap from the inner surface of the superior lip to reconstruct the oral side.