Effects of Adding Congested Segment IV to the Left Lateral Graft on Short-term Outcomes in Pediatric Living-donor Liver-transplant Recipients.

Background: In some pediatric patients undergoing living-donor liver transplantation, segment IV without the middle hepatic vein can be added to a left lateral segment graft to obtain larger graft volume. Because no clear consensus on this technique exists, this study investigated the effects of congested areas on postoperative outcomes in pediatric patients with biliary atresia undergoing living-donor liver transplantation.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of recipients with biliary atresia aged ≤15 y who had undergone living-donor liver transplantation at Kyoto University Hospital between 2006 and 2021 and with graft-to-recipient weight ratios (GRWR) of ≤2%.

Micro- and macro-borderless surgery using a newly developed high-resolution (4K) three-dimensional video system.

Objective: Microsurgery using conventional optical microscopes or surgical loupes features a limited field of view and imposes a serious strain on surgeons especially during long surgeries. Here we advocate the micro- and macro-borderless surgery (MMBS) using a novel high-resolution (4K) three-dimensional (3D) video system. This study aimed to confirm the applicability of this concept in several surgical procedures.

Changes in Smoking Behavior Since the Declaration of the COVID-19 State of Emergency in Japan: A Cross-sectional Study From the Osaka Health App.

Background: In April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and infection control measures, including requests to work from home and stay-at-home restrictions, were introduced. This study examined changes in smoking behavior during the COVID-19 state of emergency.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Osaka, Japan.

Visceral adiposity is an independent risk factor for high intra-operative blood loss during living-donor liver transplantation; could preoperative rehabilitation and nutritional therapy mitigate that risk?

Background & Aims: Blood loss during liver transplantation (LT) is one of the major concerns of the transplant team, given the potential negative post-transplant outcomes related to it. Blood loss was reported to be higher in certain body compositions, such as obese patients, undergoing LT. Therefore, we aimed to study the risk factors for high blood loss (HBL) during adult living donor liver transplant (ALDLT) including the body composition markers; visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR), skeletal muscle index and intramuscular adipose tissue content.

Etiology of Liver Steatosis Influences the Severity of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Survival After Liver Transplantation in Rats.

Liver steatosis is a leading cause of graft disposal in liver transplantation, though the degree of steatosis is often the single factor determining acceptability of the graft. We investigated how the cause of liver steatosis affects graft function in rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). OLT was performed using 2 types of steatotic liver grafts: the fasting and hyperalimentation (FHA) model and the methionine- and choline-deficient diet models.

Preoperative abnormal body composition is closely related to bacteremia after living donor liver transplantation.

Objective: Infection is the most critical cause of early death after liver transplantation (LT). However, the effect of preoperative body composition on bacteremia after LT is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of preoperative body composition on bacteremia after living donor LT (LDLT).

The combination of a male donor's high muscle mass and quality is an independent protective factor for graft loss after living donor liver transplantation.

We evaluated the hypothesis that grafts from donors with high muscle mass and quality may have a better outcome after living-donor-liver-transplantation (LDLT) than those from usual donors. A total of 376 primary adult-to-adult LDLT cases were enrolled in this study. Donor skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) were used as markers of muscle mass and quality.

Impact of the preoperative bone mineral density on the outcomes after resection of pancreatic cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and other body composition markers, as well as, the impact of preoperative BMD on the surgical outcomes after resection of pancreatic cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study included 275 patients who underwent surgical resection of pancreatic cancer in our institute between 2003 and 2016. Patients were divided according to BMD into low and normal groups and their postoperative outcomes were compared.

Including body composition in MELD scores improves mortality prediction among patients awaiting liver transplantation.

Background & Aims: The Model for End-stage Liver Diseases (MELD) is widely accepted for prioritizing candidates awaiting liver transplantation (LT). However, MELD scores do not reflect the severity of the nutritional or functional status of patients with cirrhosis.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 173 patients who were waitlisted for LT at our institution between April 2006 and December 2016.

Preoperative Visceral Adiposity and Muscularity Predict Poor Outcomes after Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Objective: Visceral adiposity, defined as a high visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR), has been shown to be associated with poor outcomes in several cancers. However, in the surgical field, the significance of visceral adiposity remains controversial. The present study investigated the impact of visceral adiposity as well as sarcopenic factors (low muscularity) on outcomes in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Impact of imbalanced graft-to-spleen volume ratio on outcomes following living donor liver transplantation in an era when simultaneous splenectomy is not typically indicated.

The impact of an imbalanced graft-to-spleen volume ratio (GSVR) on posttransplant outcomes other than postreperfusion portal hypertension remains unknown. The importance of GSVR might vary according to whether simultaneous splenectomy (SPX) is performed. This retrospective study divided 349 living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipients from 2006 to 2017 into 2 groups: low GSVR (≤0.

Risk-benefit point of the Model for End-stage Liver Disease score in patients waiting for deceased-donor liver transplantation: A single-center experience.

Aim: To clarify the risk-benefit point of the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score in patients waiting for deceased-donor liver transplantation (DDLT).

Methods: The present study retrospectively investigated 213 patients registered on the waiting list at Kyoto University (Kyoto, Japan) between 2005 and 2016. Patients were stratified by MELD score (6-9/10-14/15-20/21-30/31-40) and classified into two groups: the DDLT group (30 patients) and the waiting group (183 patients).

Bone mineral density correlates with survival after resection of extrahepatic biliary malignancies.

Background & Aims: Osteopenia is a condition in which bone mineral density (BMD) is lower than normal, and it is an important determinant of bone fragility. However, the utility of osteopenia in assessing the risks of surgery is unclear. This study investigated the impact of preoperative low BMD on the outcomes in patients undergoing resection of extrahepatic biliary cancers.

Impact of sarcopenic obesity on outcomes in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation.

Background & Aim: Sarcopenia is known to be a poor prognostic factor after liver transplantation (LT). However, the significance of obesity in combination with sarcopenia (sarcopenic obesity) remains unclear. This study examined the impact of sarcopenic obesity on outcomes after living donor LT (LDLT).

Bone Mineral Density as a Risk Factor for Patients Undergoing Surgery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: We have reported the impact of sarcopenia and body composition on patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the impact of bone mineral density (BMD) on outcomes after hepatectomy for HCC and correlation with other parameters including sarcopenia are unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 465 patients who underwent primary hepatectomy for HCC between April 2005 and March 2015.

Etiologies, risk factors, and outcomes of bacterial cholangitis after living donor liver transplantation.

The interpretation of bacterial cholangitis after liver transplantation (LT) remains vague, because the presence of bacteria in bile, namely bacteriobilia, does not necessarily indicate an active infection. We investigated the association between post-LT bacterial cholangitis and a variety of short- and long-term outcomes. Two-hundred-seventy-four primary adult-to-adult living donor LT recipients from 2008 to 2016 were divided into three groups according the presence or absence of bacteriobilia and clinical symptoms: (1) no bacteriobilia (N group), (2) asymptomatic bacteriobilia (B group), and (3) cholangitis (C group).

Impact of Enteral Nutrition with an Immunomodulating Diet Enriched with Hydrolyzed Whey Peptide on Infection After Liver Transplantation.

Background: Infection is a leading cause of death after liver transplantation (LT). Therefore, prevention of infection is crucial for improving outcomes after LT. We examined the impact of early enteral nutrition with an immunomodulating diet (IMD) enriched with hydrolyzed whey peptide (HWP) formulation on infection after living donor LT (LDLT), focusing on sarcopenia.

Preoperative Low Muscle Mass and Low Muscle Quality Negatively Impact on Pulmonary Function in Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Sarcopenia is a prognostic factor for mortality in digestive surgery. However, the correlation between preoperative cardiopulmonary function and sarcopenia in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.

Methods: The present study investigated the impact of preoperative sarcopenia on cardiopulmonary function in 402 patients who underwent first hepatectomy for HCC between April 2005 and April 2015.

Proposal for new selection criteria considering pre-transplant muscularity and visceral adiposity in living donor liver transplantation.

Background: The significance of pre-operative body composition has recently attracted much attention in various diseases. However, cut-off values for these parameters remain undetermined, and these factors are not currently included in selection criteria for recipients of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

Methods: Using computed tomography of 657 donors for LDLT, skeletal muscle mass, muscle quality, and visceral adiposity were evaluated by using skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC), and visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR).

Impact of sarcopenic overweight on the outcomes after living donor liver transplantation.

Background: The effect of body composition disturbances has been recently in focus. Sarcopenic obesity, a co-occurrence of low muscle mass and high body fat was reportedly predictive of high mortality in patients with cirrhosis. However, the impact of the interacting sarcopenia and overweight on the outcomes after liver transplantation is still unclear.

Preoperative low muscle mass has a strong negative effect on pulmonary function in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation.

Objective: This study investigated the effect of preoperative sarcopenia on cardiopulmonary function in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of 207 patients who underwent LDLT between January 2008 and April 2015. The quantity and quality of skeletal muscle were evaluated by the psoas muscle mass index (PMI) and intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC), respectively, using preoperative computed tomography imaging.

Impact of Sarcopenic Obesity on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate preoperative body composition, including skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue, and to clarify the impact on outcomes after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Background: Recent studies have indicated that sarcopenia is associated with morbidity and mortality in various pathologies, including cancer, and that obesity or visceral adiposity represents a significant risk factor for several cancers. However, the impact of sarcopenic obesity on outcomes after hepatectomy for HCC has not been fully investigated.

Impact of Visceral Adiposity as Well as Sarcopenic Factors on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Liver Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Objectives: We have reported preoperative low skeletal muscularity as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes after liver transplantation, resection of hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer and extrahepatic biliary malignancies. However, the impacts of visceral adiposity and muscularity on outcomes after liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLM) have not been fully investigated.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 124 patients undergoing primary liver resection for CLM between 2005 and 2014.

Visceral Adiposity and Sarcopenic Visceral Obesity are Associated with Poor Prognosis After Resection of Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: Visceral fat accumulation and muscle depletion have been identified as poor prognostic factors for various cancers. However, the significance of visceral adiposity and sarcopenic visceral obesity on outcomes after resection of pancreatic cancer remains unclear.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 301 patients who underwent resection for localized pancreatic cancer between 2004 and 2015 was performed.