A prospective investigation of impacts of comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on clinical features and long-term treatment response in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Background: A close association between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents has been investigated in previous studies. However, few studies examined the relationship between lifetime comorbidity of ADHD and OCD in adults. Therefore, we sought to investigate the clinical and psychopathological features related to comorbid ADHD in Japanese adult patients with OCD.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with Psychotic Features: Is It a Clinical Entity?

(1) Background: Even though the comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and a psychotic disorder (PD), such as schizophrenia, is being increasingly recognized, the impact of this comorbidity on the clinical presentation, including insight into obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the functioning of OCD, remains unclear. (2) Methods: To investigate clinical differences between OCD patients with and without PD, 86 Japanese outpatients who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for OCD were recruited and divided into two groups: 28 OCD patients with PD, and 58 OCD patients without PD. The two groups were cross-sectionally compared in terms of their sociodemographic profiles and clinical characteristics, including the DSM-IV-TR insight specifier and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF).

Acute stress induces severe neural inflammation and overactivation of glucocorticoid signaling in interleukin-18-deficient mice.

Interleukin-18 (IL18) is an inflammatory cytokine that is related to psychiatric disorders such as depression and cognitive impairment. We previously found that IL18 deficiency may cause hippocampal impairment, resulting in depression-like behavioral changes. However, the potential role of IL18 in stressful conditions remains uncertain.

Exploring Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Development of the Depression-Like Phenotype in Interleukin-18-Deficient Mice.

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been linked to energy homeostasis and psychiatric symptoms such as depression and cognitive impairment. We previously revealed that deficiency in IL-18 led to hippocampal abnormalities and resulted in depression-like symptoms. However, the impact of IL-18 deficiency on other brain regions remains to be clarified.

Change in Antidepressant Use After Initiation of ADHD Medication in Japanese Adults with Comorbid Depression: A Real-World Database Analysis.

Purpose: To better understand the treatment of comorbid depression in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by investigating the prescription patterns of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics after commencing ADHD medication.

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective observational study in Japan, the data of patients initiating ADHD medication while already receiving antidepressants (ADHD group) and of patients prescribed antidepressants but not diagnosed with ADHD (control group) were extracted from an electronic medical record database. Additionally, one-to-one matching for patients in both groups was performed using sex, age, baseline dosage of antidepressants, and any comorbid psychiatric disorders as covariates.

Evaluation of hemodynamic changes using near-infrared spectroscopy in patients with tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Aim: A tic-related specifier is included in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria to identify a clinically specific obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) subtype. The current study sought to evaluate hemodynamic changes during executive function tasks among OCD patients with and without a lifetime history of tic disorder (TD) and healthy controls, and to investigate the relation between brain activation and clinical variables in each group using structured equation modeling.

Methods: Twenty-nine OCD patients diagnosed according to the DSM-IV-TR and 15 healthy controls were recruited.

Accuracy of diagnostic judgments using ICD-11 vs. ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.

Background: We report results of an internet-based field study evaluating the diagnostic guidelines for the newly introduced ICD-11 grouping of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRD). We examined accuracy of clinicians' diagnostic judgments applying draft ICD-11 as compared to the ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines to standardized case vignettes.

Methods: 1,717 mental health professionals who are members of the World Health Organization's Global Clinical Practice Network completed the study in Chinese, English, French, Japanese, Russian or Spanish.

The rates of co-occurring behavioural addictions in treatment-seeking individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary report.

To assess the rates of co-occurring putative 'behavioural addictions' in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Twenty-three international centres specialising in the treatment of OCD were invited to participate in a survey of the rates of behavioural addictions and other relevant comorbidity within their samples. Sixteen of 23 (69.

Analysis of genes linked to depressive-like behaviors in interleukin-18-deficient mice: Gene expression profiles in the brain.

Interleukin (IL)-18 is an interferon γ-inducing inflammatory cytokine associated with function of the immune system and other physiological functions. IL-18-deficient ( ) mice exhibit obesity, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and depressive-like behavioral changes. Therefore, IL-18 has a number of important roles associated with immunity, energy homeostasis and psychiatric conditions.

Interleukin-18-deficient mice develop hippocampal abnormalities related to possible depressive-like behaviors.

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an inflammatory cytokine linked to major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD is closely related to metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. Moreover, DM is associated with cognitive impairment and promotes apoptosis of hippocampal cells by activating pro-apoptotic and inhibiting anti-apoptotic factors.

Treatments used for obsessive-compulsive disorder-An international perspective.

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterise international trends in the use of psychotropic medication, psychological therapies, and novel therapies used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Methods: Researchers in the field of OCD were invited to contribute summary statistics on the characteristics of their samples. Consistency of summary statistics across countries was evaluated.

Deficiency in interleukin-18 promotes differentiation of brown adipose tissue resulting in fat accumulation despite dyslipidemia.

Background: The cytokine, interleukin-18 (IL-18), was originally identified as an interferon-γ-inducing proinflammatory factor; however, there is increasing evidence suggesting that it has non-immunological effects on physiological functions. We have previously investigated the potential pathophysiological relationship between IL-18 and dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which were mediated by lipid energy imbalance. Therefore, herein we focused on brown adipocytes (BAs) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) related to energy consumption as non-shivering thermogenesis.

Ten-year follow-up study of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Aim: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a well-known chronic illness. This study retrospectively investigated 10-year outcomes and associated clinical factors in Japanese OCD patients. We focused on the impact of several sociocultural factors, including medical expenses and insurance systems specific to each country, on the differences or biases in follow-up procedures of OCD.

Physiological and molecular effects of interleukin-18 administration on the mouse kidney.

Background: The cytokine interleukin-18 was originally identified as an interferon-γ-inducing proinflammatory factor; however, there is increasing evidence to suggest that it has non-immunological effects on physiological functions. We previously investigated the potential pathophysiological relationship between interleukin-18 and dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and suggested interleukin-18 as a possible novel treatment for not only these diseases but also for cancer immunotherapy. Before clinical application, the effects of interleukin-18 on the kidney need to be determined.

Molecular analysis of the mouse brain exposed to chronic mild stress: The influence of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α on physiological homeostasis.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent disorder that causes considerable disability in social functioning and is a risk factor for physical diseases. Recent clinical reports have demonstrated a marked association between MDD and physiological dyshomeostasis induced by metabolic disorders, including diabetes, hormone abnormalities and autoimmune diseases. The authors of the present study have previously analyzed comparative gene expression profiles in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of a chronic mild stress (CMS) animal model of MDD.

Standards of care for obsessive-compulsive disorder centres.

In recent years, many assessment and care units for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been set up in order to detect, diagnose and to properly manage this complex disorder, but there is no consensus regarding the key functions that these units should perform. The International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) together with the Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders Network (OCRN) of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) and the Anxiety and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders Section of the World Psychiaric Association (WPA) has developed a standards of care programme for OCD centres. The goals of this collaborative initiative are promoting basic standards, improving the quality of clinical care and enhance the validity and reliability of research results provided by different facilities and countries.

International prescribing practices in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Objectives: To assess rates of psychotropic medication use in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in seven different countries on five continents and to compare these with international treatment guidelines.

Methods: Researchers in the field of OCD were invited to contribute summary statistics on the characteristics of their patients with OCD and on their incidence of psychotropic use. Consistency of summary statistics across countries was evaluated.

Interleukin-18-deficient mice develop dyslipidemia resulting in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis.

We investigated potential pathophysiological relationships between interleukin 18 (IL-18) and dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Compared with Il18(+/+) mice, IL-18 knockout (Il18(-/-)) mice developed hypercholesterolemia and hyper-high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterolemia as well as hypertriglyceridemia as they aged, and these disorders occurred before the manifestation of obesity and might cause secondary NASH. The analyses of molecular mechanisms involved in the onset of dyslipidemia, NAFLD, and NASH in Il18(-/-) mice identified a number of genes associated with these metabolic diseases.