A case of severe acute hemorrhagic duodenitis after administration of immune checkpoint inhibitor.

: A 66-year-old man started carboplatin + etoposide + atezolizumab therapy for advanced small cell lung cancer. Seventeen days after the start of treatment, the patient presented with hematemesis and underwent emergency endoscopy, which revealed multiple erosions and ulcers in the duodenum. Some ulcers showed pulsating bleeding, which was stopped by clipping and cauterization using hemostats.

Hemodialysis is a strong risk factor for post-endoscopic sphincterotomy bleeding in patients with choledocholithiasis.

Background And Study Aims:  Hemodialysis (HD) is considered one of the risk factors for post-endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) bleeding. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate HD as a risk factor for post-ES bleeding in patients with choledocholithiasis.

Patients And Methods:  We used the post-ES bleeding rate as the main outcome measure.