Cost-Effectiveness of Teduglutide for Pediatric Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome in Japan, Including Caregiver Burden.

Introduction: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is associated with a significant mental and physical burden for patients and caregivers. Standard of care (SOC) for SBS includes parenteral support (PS) to optimize intestinal function. Teduglutide, a recombinant human glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, reduces the need for PS in patients with SBS.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of NVX-CoV2373 COVID-19 vaccination for elderly people in Japan.

Background: NVX-CoV2373 is one of the vaccines marketed for COVID-19 prevention in Japan. Information on its cost-effectiveness is important for making well-informed decisions on the future of Japan's COVID-19 vaccination programme from the public healthcare payer's perspective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of NVX-CoV2373 vaccination in the elderly Japanese population.

Value elements and methods of value-based pricing for drugs in Japan: a systematic review.

Introduction: Value-based pricing (VBP) can be a promising tool for optimizing drug prices. However, there is no consensus on the specific value elements and pricing method that should be used for VBP.

Areas Covered: We performed a systematic review and narrative synthesis to investigate the value elements and pricing method for VBP.

Cost-Effectiveness of Vonoprazan Compared With Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients Taking Low-Dose Aspirin for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Japan.

Background: Low-dose aspirin (LDA) is used to prevent recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events, but is associated with upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding; concomitant use of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) reduces this risk. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of vonoprazan compared with PPIs (lansoprazole and esomeprazole) in patients taking LDA for secondary prevention of CV events.

Methods and results: A Markov simulation model was developed to predict the number of GI bleeding and acute CV events using 3 strategies (vonoprazan+LDA, esomeprazole+LDA, and lansoprazole+LDA), which were translated into quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs.

Network Meta-analysis Comparing Vonoprazan and Proton Pump Inhibitors for Heartburn Symptoms in Erosive Esophagitis.

Goals: This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to assess the relative efficacy of vonoprazan and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on early heartburn symptom resolution in patients with erosive esophagitis.

Background: Limited available data directly compare the efficacy of vonoprazan, a first-in-class potassium-competitive acid blocker, with PPIs in erosive esophagitis.

Study: We conducted a systematic literature review (in MEDLINE and CENTRAL) and subsequent network meta-analysis according to Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines.

Impact of Vonoprazan Triple-Drug Blister Packs on H. pylori Eradication Rates in Japan: Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy requires a complex prescribing schedule combining clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) or potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB, vonoprazan). To reduce the burden of complex prescribing and increase adherence, a vonoprazan triple-drug blister pack comprising all three medications was launched in June 2016. This study aimed to assess the impact of the combination blister pack on eradication success rate in Japan immediately after launch.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Japanese patients with ischemic heart disease receiving vonoprazan or a proton pump inhibitor with multiple antithrombotic agents: A nationwide database study.

Background: Vonoprazan has been launched as an alternative to proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). This was the first study to compare the occurrence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) with vonoprazan treatment to that with PPI treatment in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) taking ≥2 antithrombotic agents, including those receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).

Methods: Using Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination data from 2016 to 2017, we identified 16,415 patients with IHD who were prescribed ≥2 antithrombotic agents, including new antiplatelet medication with concurrent vonoprazan (n = 2226 or PPIs n = 14,189).

Cost-utility analysis of a 'vonoprazan-first' strategy versus 'esomeprazole- or rabeprazole-first' strategy in GERD.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be treated using a vonoprazan-first strategy (first-line treatment with vonoprazan), or esomeprazole-first/rabeprazole-first strategies (first-line treatment with proton-pump inhibitors [PPIs], esomeprazole/rabeprazole, followed by a switch to vonoprazan). This cost-utility analysis used long-term simulation modeling to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a vonoprazan-first strategy compared with the esomeprazole-first and rabeprazole-first strategies.

Methods: A Markov simulation model was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of vonoprazan-first, esomeprazole-first, and rabeprazole-first strategies, comprising healing and maintenance therapies, over 5 years (4-week cycles).

Association between parental history of Helicobacter pylori treatment failure and treatment failure in the offspring.

Background And Aim: Both clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori and CYP2C19 polymorphisms may be passed down for generations and are known risk factors for the failure of H. pylori eradication therapy. However, no study has evaluated the risk of clarithromycin triple therapy failure in patients with a parental history of such failure.

Current Status of Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis and Eradication Therapy in Japan Using a Nationwide Database.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of stomach cancer; therefore, eradication therapy is recommended for infected individuals. Although several methods are recommended for the diagnosis and therapy of H. pylori infection, their frequency and effectiveness have not been fully investigated in Japan.

Systematic review with network meta-analysis: indirect comparison of the efficacy of vonoprazan and proton-pump inhibitors for maintenance treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Background: Long-term maintenance treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is important to prevent relapse. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used for both treatment and maintenance therapy of GERD. Recently, a potassium-competitive acid blocker vonoprazan was launched in Japan.

Vonoprazan versus proton-pump inhibitors for healing gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review.

Background And Aim: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease caused by reflux of gastric contents to the esophagus. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are recommended as a first-line therapy to treat GERD. Recently, a new potassium-competitive acid blocker, vonoprazan, was launched in Japan.

Nitroxides prevent exacerbation of indomethacin-induced gastric damage in adjuvant arthritis rats.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the drugs of choice in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because of their rapid analgesic effect. However, they induce severe gastric damage in RA patients and animals by a process mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nitroxides (nitroxyl radicals) are widely used as imaging agents and antioxidants to explore the role of ROS generation in the pathogenesis of disease.

In vivo evaluation of novel nitroxyl radicals with reduction stability.

Nitroxyl radicals (nitroxide) have great potential advantages as spin probes, antioxidants, contrast agents, and radiation-protecting agents. However, they are readily reduced by reductants in cells and lose their paramagnetic nature. Recently, tetraethyl-substituted nitroxyl radicals have been reported to have high stability toward reduction by ascorbic acid (AsA).