Cold atmospheric nitrogen plasma induces metal-initiated cell death by cell membrane rupture and mitochondrial perturbation.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a novel biomedical tool used for cancer therapy. A device using nitrogen gas (N CAP) produced CAP that induced cell death through the production of reactive nitrogen species and an increase in intracellular calcium. In this study, we investigated the effect of N CAP-irradiation on cell membrane and mitochondrial function in human embryonic kidney cell line 293T.

Generation of Rat Monoclonal Antibody for Human IQGAP1 by Immunization of Three-Dimensional-Cultured Cancer Cells.

The scaffold protein IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is an adherens junction component in the epithelial tissue that binds many signaling and structural molecules to regulate biological processes. It is known that IQGAP1 is overexpressed in some tumors. In this study, we produced rat monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) through immunization of the lysate from three-dimensional (3D)-cultured DLD-1 cells to elucidate a characteristic feature of a tumor.

Cell Death via Lipid Peroxidation and Protein Aggregation Diseases.

Lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes is a complicated cellular event, and it is both the cause and result of various diseases, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and atherosclerosis. Lipid peroxidation causes non-apoptotic cell death, which is associated with cell fate determination: survival or cell death. During the radical chain reaction of lipid peroxidation, various oxidized lipid products accumulate in cells, followed by organelle dysfunction and the induction of non-apoptotic cell death.

Generation of Rat Monoclonal Antibody for Cytokeratin 18 by Immunization of Three-Dimensional-Cultured Cancer Cells.

Cytokeratin (CK) 18 is an intermediate filament protein that plays a major functional role in the integrity and mechanical stability of cells. Since both CK8 and CK18 are major components of simple epithelia, in the context of tumors, they are expressed in most carcinomas, and have been studied as diagnostic and prognostic markers in tumor pathology. CK18 is also cleaved by some caspases during apoptosis.

A simple method for isolation and culture of primary hepatocytes from Salvelinus leucomaenis (White-spotted Charr).

White-spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis, S. I.) is an anadromous cold water-adapted fish, distributed in the Far East.

Upregulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 protein level in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1 by a heterocyclic organobismuth(III) compound: Effect of organobismuth(III) compound on NRF2 signaling.

An increasing number of metal-based compounds, including arsenic trioxide, auranofin, and cisplatin, have been reported to have antitumor activity. Their beneficial effects are controlled by a transcription factor, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). In response to oxidative stress, NRF2 induces the expression of cytoprotective genes.

Different morphologies of human embryonic kidney 293T cells in various types of culture dishes.

Human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells are used in various biological experiments and researches. In this study, we investigated the effect of cell culture environments on morphological and functional properties of HEK293T cells. We used several kinds of dishes made of polystyrene or glass for cell culture, including three types of polystyrene dishes provided from different manufacturers for suspension and adherent cell culture.

Heterocyclic organobismuth(III) compound induces nonapoptotic cell death via lipid peroxidation.

Heterocyclic organobismuth compounds, such as N-tert-butyl-bi-chlorodibenzo[c,f][1,5]azabismocine (compound 1) and bi-chlorodibenzo[c,f ][1,5]thiabismocine (compound 3), exert potent antiproliferative activities in vitro in human cancer cell lines. We showed that compound 3 induced both apoptotic and nonapoptotic cell death via reactive oxygen species production and mitotic arrest in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanisms underlying the dose-dependent effect of these organobismuth compounds were not clear.

Oxidized unsaturated fatty acids induce apoptotic cell death in cultured cells.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are oxidized by non‑enzymatic or enzymatic reactions. The oxidized products are multifunctional. In this study, we investigated how oxidized fatty acids inhibit cell proliferation in cultured cells.

Cold atmospheric-pressure nitrogen plasma induces the production of reactive nitrogen species and cell death by increasing intracellular calcium in HEK293T cells.

Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) has been emerging as a promising tool for cancer therapy in recent times. In this study, we used a CAP device with nitrogen gas (NCAP) and investigated the effect of the NCAP on the viability of cultured cells. Moreover, we investigated whether NCAP-produced hydrogen peroxide (HO) in the medium is involved in NCAP-induced cell death.

Induction of oxidative stress by anticancer drugs in the presence and absence of cells.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in the cell through multiple mechanisms. Intracellular ROS are rapidly detoxified by various enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms; however, disruption of the oxidant-antioxidant balance causes oxidative stress and elicits cell damage. The oxidative stress induced by chemotherapy is known to cause side effects in patients with cancer.

Interleukin-8 enhances the effect of colchicine on cell death.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to be generated in tumors and play important roles in angiogenesis, mitosis, and tumor progression. However, few studies have investigated the synergistic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anticancer drugs on cell death. In the present study, we examined the combined effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines and colchicine on cell death of cancer cells.

Alternative splicing isoform in succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C causes downregulation of succinate-coenzyme Q oxidoreductase activity in mitochondria.

Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane and is responsible for the redox of succinic acid. SDH is a tetrameric iron-sulfur flavoprotein of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory chain. The SDH complex, subunit C () transcript has deletion-type alternative splicing sites.

Lipogenic gene expression profile in patients with gastric cancer.

Numerous types of cancer exhibit increased lipogenesis and expression of lipogenic enzymes and transcription factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1. Lipogenic gene expression is upregulated at the mRNA level, in concert with metabolic pathways associated with changes in expression and/or activity of lipogenic transcription factors. However, this expression pattern in human gastric carcinoma has not been elucidated.

The C allele of JAK2 rs4495487 is an additional candidate locus that contributes to myeloproliferative neoplasm predisposition in the Japanese population.

Background: Polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) characterized in most cases by a unique somatic mutation, JAK2 V617F. Recent studies revealed that JAK2 V617F occurs more frequently in a specific JAK2 haplotype, named JAK2 46/1 or GGCC haplotype, which is tagged by rs10974944 (C/G) and/or rs12343867 (T/C). This study examined the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the JAK2 locus on MPNs in a Japanese population.

Poloxamer 188 enhances apoptosis in a human leukemia cell line.

Poloxamer block copolymers have been studied in multiple applications as drug delivery systems (DDS). These A-B-A amphiphilic block copolymers up-regulate the expression of selected genes in cells and alter genetic responses to antineoplastic agents in cancer. One example is poloxamer 188, also known as pluronic F68, which may be promising as a carrier in DDS.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein is one of the key factors underlying neuron-like elongation in PC12 cells.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) normally induces the differentiation of PC12 cells into a neuron-like phenotype. In this study, we found that exposure of PC12 cells to a temperature of 42°C for 24 h significantly decreased NGF-induced neurite elongation. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels were decreased when PC12 cells were exposed to the heat stress, while PC12 cells overexpressing the gene encoding GFAP showed resistance.

Hydrophilic monomers suppress the adsorption of plasma protein onto a poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane.

Dialysis is the single most important therapy for chronic kidney disease. However, protein adsorption onto hemodialysis membranes promotes clot formation. The aim of the present study was to develop a surface-modified membrane which suppresses protein adsorption.

Alternative RNA splicing in expression of the glutathione synthetase gene in human cells.

Ubiquitous free radical production occurs continuously in cells and tissues. Glutathione is the most abundant mammalian antioxidant, and is synthesized by glutathione synthetase (GSS). Therefore, GSS plays an important role in defending the cell against reactive oxygen species.

Detection of low allele burden of JAK2 exon 12 mutations using TA-cloning in patients with erythrocytosis.

Objective: Polycythemia vera (PV) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasia associated with the activation of the Janus-activating kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation. The aim of this study is to identify clonal expansion of exon 12 mutations.

Methods: We performed DNA sequencing of the JAK2 exon 12 after TA-cloning in JAK2-V617F-negative and JAK2-V617F-positive PV patients.

A nylon net filter coated with ethanolamine groups traps micrometastatic cancer cells with high specificity.

Techniques for cancer cell separation and retrieval from peripheral blood are not only used to prevent cancer metastasis, but also to understand its underlying mechanisms. We developed a surface-modified membrane with high specificity for cancer cells. Ethanolamine groups were introduced to the surface of the nylon net filter, and human colon cancer cell line Colo201 cells were suspended in peripheral blood derived from healthy volunteers.

Production efficiency and telomere length of the cloned pigs following serial somatic cell nuclear transfer.

The aim of the present study was to examine the production efficiency of cloned pigs by serial somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and to ascertain any changes in the telomere lengths of multiple generations of pigs. Using fetal fibroblasts as the starting nuclear donor cells, porcine salivary gland progenitor cells were collected from the resultant first-generation cloned pigs to successively produce second- and third-generation clones, with no significant differences in production efficiency, which ranged from 1.4% (2/140) to 3.