[6]-Gingerol inhibits nitric oxide synthesis in activated J774.1 mouse macrophages and prevents peroxynitrite-induced oxidation and nitration reactions.

Reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives, e.g. peroxynitrite (ONOO-), have been proposed as being able to influence signal transduction and cause DNA damage, contributing to carcinogenic processes.

Effect of naturally occurring organosulfur compounds on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages.

Excessive nitric oxide (NO) production is involved in cellular injury and possibly in the multistage process of carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of organosulfur compounds (S-allyl cysteine, allyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, allyl isothiocyanate, phenyl isothiocyanate, and benzyl isothiocyanate) that are found in allium or cruciferous vegetables on NO production in J774.1 macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Combination of lipids and emulsifiers enhances the absorption of orally administered quercetin in rats.

The effects of lipids, emulsifiers, and ethanol on the absorption of orally administered quercetin in rats were investigated for its efficient intestinal absorption. Rats were administered 150 micromol/kg quercetin in water supplemented with lipids and/or emulsifiers, or ethanol, and blood was collected from the tail for 6 h after administration. Co-administration of lipids such as lecithin and soybean oil or emulsifiers including sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerol fatty acid ester, and sodium taurocholate had no statistically significant effects on quercetin absorption, although these constituents rather increased the accumulation of conjugated forms of quercetin and those of isorhamnetin in rat plasma.