Publications by authors named "Hisamatsu T"
Effect of maternal exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy on the neonatal intestinal microbiome and health.
Clin J Gastroenterol
December 2024
Antibiotics are widely used during pregnancy. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that maternal exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of various diseases in offspring; host-microbiome interactions are considered to be involved in pathogenesis, as antibiotic-induced perturbations (dysbiosis) of the maternal microbiome can be transmitted to offspring. We reviewed the current status of antibiotic usage during pregnancy, transmission of maternal antibiotic-induced dysbiosis to offspring, and several diseases in offspring reported to be associated with maternal antibiotic exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Interleukin-23 inhibition is effective in treating ulcerative colitis. Guselkumab is a dual-acting, human IgG1, interleukin-23p19 subunit inhibitor that potently neutralises interleukin-23 and can bind to CD64. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of guselkumab as induction and maintenance therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: While biologic therapy has revolutionized the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD), surgery remains unavoidable in cases involving ileal complications. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of biologics on proximal ileal lesions using balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE).
Methods: This open-label multicenter prospective study was conducted at tertiary referral centers in Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Behçet's disease (BD) is an autoinflammatory condition affecting multiple organs, with an increase in prevalence noted in Japan (3% for BD and 4% for gastrointestinal Behçet's disease, GIBD) from 2017-2021, despite a decline in incidence.
- Treatment trends indicate that while glucocorticoids remain the most common initial therapy, the use of TNF-α inhibitors has risen significantly (5.6% for BD and 8.1% for GIBD).
- Adverse events, particularly severe ones like pneumonia, were reported in 40% of patients on TNF-α inhibitors, but about 80% maintained treatment after three years, highlighting the need for
Background: A serum biomarker for diagnosing ulcerative colitis (UC) remains to be established. Although we recently reported an anti-integrin αvβ6 antibody (V6 Ab) for diagnosing UC with high sensitivity and specificity, no large-scale validation study exists. This study aimed to validate the diagnostic value of V6 Ab for UC using a nationwide multicenter cohort study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Mirikizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL-23p19, is effective in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mirikizumab in patients with moderately-to-severely active Crohn's disease.
Methods: VIVID-1 was a global phase 3, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, treat-through study.
Background: The involvement of Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene mutations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and responsiveness to colchicine in Japanese patients with IBDU carrying MEFV mutations.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we examined MEFV mutations using gene analysis, clinical information, and colchicine responsiveness.
Background: The ulcerative colitis intestinal ultrasound (UC-IUS) index (UII) has been reported as a sonographic scoring system correlating with the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES). Endoscopic improvement (EI) of UC (MES ≤ 1) is a crucial therapeutic target in clinical practice. However, the cutoff value for estimating EI using the UII has not been established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: Normalization of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] and fecal calprotectin [FCP] are suggested Crohn's disease [CD] intermediate treatment targets. This analysis evaluates achievement of biomarker normalization and the relationship between improvements in biomarker concentrations and clinical and endoscopic outcomes among patients treated with risankizumab.
Methods: This post hoc analysis included patients with moderately to severely active CD and elevated baseline hs-CRP [> 5 mg/L] or FCP [> 250 µg/g] concentrations from the 12-week ADVANCE and MOTIVATE induction studies, and the 52-week FORTIFY maintenance study.
Aims: Artificial intelligence is increasingly used in the medical field. We assessed the accuracy and reproducibility of responses by ChatGPT to clinical questions (CQs) in the Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for Prevention Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2022 (JAS Guidelines 2022).
Methods: In June 2024, we assessed responses by ChatGPT (version 3.
Article Synopsis
- Filgotinib, an oral medication for ulcerative colitis, has shown promising results in long-term treatment outcomes based on findings from the SELECTION trial.
- Researchers used group-based trajectory modeling to classify patients’ symptom responses over time, identifying five distinct patient groups based on their treatment responses.
- A majority of patients showed positive response trajectories, with factors such as recent diagnosis, usage of a higher filgotinib dose, and being biologic-naive linked to better outcomes and greater chances of achieving comprehensive disease control.
Background: Mirikizumab, a p19-directed interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated induction of clinical remission at week 12 with maintenance through week 104 in patients with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). Results are presented from the LUCENT-3 open-label extension study through week 152.
Methods: Of 868 LUCENT clinical trial program mirikizumab-treated induction patients, 544 were responders of whom 365 were rerandomized to mirikizumab maintenance.
Article Synopsis
- Behçet's disease (BD) significantly affects the intestines, nervous system, and blood vessels, and while infliximab is approved for treatment in Japan, limited effectiveness and safety data exist.
- A 2-year study was conducted to assess the safety and effectiveness of infliximab in patients with intestinal, neurological, or vascular manifestations of BD who didn't respond to other treatments.
- Among 255 patients treated, infliximab demonstrated a good safety profile with no new safety issues, and 68.8% of patients with intestinal BD showed improvement, while those with chronic NBD and VBD remained stable.
Article Synopsis
- Myotonic dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is linked to the expansion of CTG repeats in the DMPK gene and may be associated with heart issues and sudden death, but this relationship is not fully understood in Japan and Europe.
- A study analyzed 496 DM1 patients from nine Japanese hospitals, finding that those with 1300 or more CTG repeats had a significantly higher risk of serious cardiac events and mortality compared to those with fewer repeats.
- The results suggest that patients with 1300 or longer CTG repeats are particularly at risk for cardiac complications and increased death rates, while the rate of sudden death was not significantly different across groups.
Article Synopsis
- Epidemiological studies show that the urine sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio is a stronger indicator of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk compared to measuring sodium or potassium alone.
- For accurate individual estimates, it's recommended to average the Na/K ratio from casual urine samples collected on at least four different days a week, due to high variability in measurements.
- The ideal target for the Na/K ratio is an average of 2 for healthy individuals, aligning with dietary recommendations for sodium and potassium in Japan, while an average of 4 can be a reasonable temporary goal based on population averages.
Article Synopsis
- Etrasimod is a once-daily oral medication aimed at treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC), and a phase 3 trial was conducted in Japan to assess its effectiveness and safety.
- The trial included patients who previously completed a 12-week induction phase and continued treatment with either etrasimod or placebo for 40 weeks, evaluating outcomes at 12 and 52 weeks.
- Results showed that a higher percentage of patients on etrasimod achieved clinical remission compared to those on placebo, with no new safety concerns reported throughout the study.
Akkermansia muciniphila in the small intestine improves liver fibrosis in a murine liver cirrhosis model.
NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes
September 2024
Article Synopsis
- * The antibiotic rifaximin (RFX) has been found to improve liver fibrosis and hyperammonemia in a murine model of LC, while also changing the composition of gut bacteria, particularly increasing levels of the beneficial genus Akkermansia.
- * The research presents the idea of a "small intestine-liver axis," proposing that administering the bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila could be a promising new treatment strategy for liver complications related to cirrhosis.
Background And Aims: Predicting the efficacy of molecular-targeted drugs (MTDs) is an unmet need in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) can be used to safely and repeatedly assess UC activity.
Methods: Thirty-eight patients who started MTD therapy for active UC and underwent IUS at baseline and 3 months after starting therapy were analyzed.
Article Synopsis
- Japan has faced 8 COVID-19 waves over 3 years, prompting a study on the clinical outcomes of IBD patients with COVID-19 using the J-COSMOS registry, analyzing data from 1308 patients.
- Most patients (76%) were in remission, with 98.4% categorized as having nonsevere COVID-19; factors like high BMI and cerebrovascular disease were identified as risks for severe illness.
- No deaths occurred among IBD patients, and findings indicated that certain treatments may mitigate COVID-19 severity without affecting IBD activity.
Importance: The clinical effects of risankizumab (a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the p19 subunit of IL-23) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis are unknown.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of risankizumab when administered as an induction and a maintenance therapy for patients with ulcerative colitis.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Two phase 3 randomized clinical trials were conducted.
Objectives: Although color information is important in gastrointestinal endoscopy, there are limited studies on how endoscopic images are viewed by people with color vision deficiency. We aimed to investigate the differences in the visibility of blood vessels during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) among people with different color vision characteristics and to examine the effect of red dichromatic imaging (RDI) on blood vessel visibility.
Methods: Seventy-seven pairs of endoscopic images of white light imaging (WLI) and RDI of the same site were obtained during colorectal ESD.
Article Synopsis
- Advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has different subtypes, with the basal-like subtype showing worse prognosis and chemotherapy resistance compared to the classical subtype.
- This study evaluated immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of four markers on biopsy samples from 190 untreated advanced PDAC patients, identifying three distinct patterns: Classical, Transitional, and Basal-like.
- The Basal-like pattern was linked to poorer survival rates and associated with specific histological features, making IHC expression patterns a valuable tool for predicting prognosis and guiding treatment decisions in advanced PDAC.