Building the Capacity of Young Professionals in Family Planning to Publish: Insights from the ICFP2022 WHO Scientific Writing, Mentoring and Coaching Course.

Objectives: We describe the development, delivery, and evaluation of a program to support junior professionals to publish their work in a scientific journal.

Study Design: Conference delegates with an accepted abstract at the International Conference on Family Planning (ICFP), self-identifying as junior professionals and from a low- or middle-income country (LMIC) or working predominantly in LMIC settings, were eligible for the program. The program involved: (i) Four face-to-face workshops at ICFP from the 14 to 17 of November 2022; (ii) mentoring meetings at ICFP; (iii) a six-month post-conference online coaching program; and (iv) post-conference learning webinars from December 2022 to May 2023.

Neurosteroid replacement therapy using tiagabine and zuranolone restores cerebellar neurodevelopment and reduces hyperactive behaviour following preterm birth.

Preterm birth exposes the neonate to hypoxic-ischaemic and excitotoxic insults that impair neurodevelopment and are magnified by the premature loss of placentally supplied, inhibitory neurosteroids. The cerebellum is a neuronally dense brain region, which undergoes critical periods of development during late gestation, when preterm births frequently occur. We propose that neurosteroid replacement therapy using tiagabine and zuranolone will protect the cerebellum against preterm-associated insults.

Predictive factors for the diagnosis of coeliac disease in children and young people in primary care: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Coeliac Disease (CD) often has its onset in childhood and affects 1% of the population. This review aimed to identify important predictive factors for coeliac disease in children and young people which could help GPs decide when to offer testing.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library to April 2024.

Mobile health (mHealth) interventions for health promotion during the perinatal period in India: a scoping review.

Introduction: Perinatal and maternal mortality rates remain high in India compared to global levels, and there is significant heterogeneity in outcomes across Indian states. Many mobile health (mHealth) interventions have been developed to improve maternal and infant health outcomes in India, however it is unclear how mHealth can best support women in this culturally and resource diverse setting. Therefore, we aimed to identify mHealth interventions targeting women and their families in the perinatal period in India, identify barriers and facilitators to their uptake, and future research directions.

Ethnic disparities in lung cancer incidence and differences in diagnostic characteristics: a population-based cohort study in England.

Background: Lung cancer is a leading cause of mortality, yet disparities in lung cancer across different sociodemographic groups in the UK remain unclear. This study investigates ethnicity and sociodemographic disparities and differences in lung cancer in a nationally representative English cohort, aiming to highlight inequalities and promote equitable access to diagnostic advancements.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study using health care records from QResearch, a large primary care database in England.

Acceptability of and satisfaction with continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A service improvement project.

Background: There are limited data regarding intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) in pregnancy for women with Type 2 diabetes. We have tested the acceptability and feasibility of an isCGM method using Libre device.

Method: In a hospital-based service improvement project, 23 pregnant women (March 2022-April 2023), with Type 2 diabetes got isCGM for monitoring from 20 weeks until delivery.

Methodology for Biological Sample Collection, Processing, and Storage in the Newcastle 1000 Pregnancy Cohort: Protocol for a Longitudinal, Prospective Population-Based Study in Australia.

Background: Research in the developmental origins of health and disease provides compelling evidence that adverse events during the first 1000 days of life from conception can impact life course health. Despite many decades of research, we still lack a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying some of these associations. The Newcastle 1000 Study (NEW1000) is a comprehensive, prospective population-based pregnancy cohort study based in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, that will recruit pregnant women and their partners at 11-14 weeks' gestation, with assessments at 20, 28, and 36 weeks; birth; 6 weeks; and 6 months, in order to provide detailed data about the first 1000 days of life to investigate the developmental origins of noncommunicable diseases.

Upadacitinib is associated with clinical response and steroid-free remission for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective: Upadacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi), is approved for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in adults. As on-label use will face significant delay in pediatrics, a real-world understanding of safety and efficacy in children is critical.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort of pediatric subjects (ages 9-20 years) with a diagnosis of IBD initiated on upadacitinib.

A type 1 hybrid multi-site randomized controlled trial protocol for evaluating virtual interview training among autistic transition-age youth.

A number of policies mandate that autistic transition-age youth receive employment services to prepare for the workforce before high school graduation. A key limitation to these services is the job interview component, which relies on non-standardized, resource-intensive, staff-led role-plays to help autistic transition-age youth improve their interview skills. The autism community has called for better job interview preparation.

Structure of the turnover-ready state of an ancestral respiratory complex I.

Respiratory complex I is pivotal for cellular energy conversion, harnessing energy from NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreduction to drive protons across energy-transducing membranes for ATP synthesis. Despite detailed structural information on complex I, its mechanism of catalysis remains elusive due to lack of accompanying functional data for comprehensive structure-function analyses. Here, we present the 2.

Ganaxolone Therapy After Preterm Birth Restores Cerebellar Oligodendrocyte Maturation and Myelination in Guinea Pigs.

The postnatal environment is challenging for the preterm neonate with exposure to hypoxic and excitotoxic events, amplified by premature loss of placentally derived neurosteroids. Between preterm birth and term equivalent age (TEA), cerebellar development continues despite these challenges. We hypothesize that neurosteroid replacement therapy during this time will support optimal cerebellar development.

Outcomes for older people with screening detected versus existing chronic kidney disease: Cohort study with data linkage.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a common health problem, associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), end stage kidney disease (ESKD), and premature death. A third of people aged≥70 years have CKD, many of whom are undiagnosed, but little is known about the value of screening.

Aim: To compare the risk of adverse health outcomes between people with an existing diagnosis of CKD and those identified on screening.

Quantum Chemical Characterization of Rotamerism in Thio-Michael Additions for Targeted Covalent Inhibitors.

Myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1) is the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy and is a severe condition with no treatment currently available. Recently, small-molecule ligands have been developed as targeted covalent inhibitors that have some selectivity for and covalently inhibit cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12). CDK12 is involved in the transcription of elongated RNA sections that results in the DM1 condition.

Theoretical Study on the Biosynthesis of the Mandapamates: Mechanistic Insights Using Density Functional Theory.

Density functional theory (B3LYP-D3(BJ) and ωB97XD) calculations have been used to assess the stereochemical outcomes of the proposed transannular [4 + 2] cycloaddition pathway for the biosynthesis of mandapamate and isomandapamate from macrocyclic intermediates. Calculations reveal that the topological shift between macrocyclic conformers is vital in controlling the stereoselectivity of the downstream steps toward the isomeric mandapamates. A stepwise 4 + 2 type process is energetically favored over a concerted [4 + 2] pathway at room temperature, and is consistent with the stereochemistries found in the natural products.

The SAInT study: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial of steroid injection for subacromial pain syndrome using the anterolateral versus posterior approach.

Aims: Steroid injections are used for subacromial pain syndrome and can be administered via the anterolateral or posterior approach to the subacromial space. It is not currently known which approach is superior in terms of improving clinical symptoms and function. This is the protocol for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare the clinical effectiveness of a steroid injection given via the anterolateral or the posterior approach to the subacromial space.

What is known about adolescent dysmenorrhoea in (and for) community health settings?

Introduction: Dysmenorrhoea affects many adolescents with significant impacts on education and well-being. In the UK, most of the adolescents who seek care (and many never do), will do so through general practice (primary care). Knowing how best to care for adolescents reporting menstrual pain is an area where UK general practitioners would like better guidance and resources.

Artificial intelligence for small molecule anticancer drug discovery.

Introduction: The transition from conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy to targeted cancer therapy with small-molecule anticancer drugs has enhanced treatment outcomes. This approach, which now dominates cancer treatment, has its advantages. Despite the regulatory approval of several targeted molecules for clinical use, challenges such as low response rates and drug resistance still persist.

An Improved Diabatization Scheme for Computing the Electronic Circular Dichroism of Proteins.

We advance the quality of first-principles calculations of protein electronic circular dichroism (CD) through an amelioration of a key deficiency of a previous procedure that involved diabatization of electronic states on the amide chromophore (to obtain interamide couplings) in a β-strand conformation of a diamide. This yields substantially improved calculated far-ultraviolet (far-UV) electronic circular dichroism (CD) spectra for β-sheet conformations. The interamide couplings from the diabatization procedure for 13 secondary structural elements (13 diamide structures) are applied to compute the CD spectra for seven example proteins: myoglobin (α helix), jacalin (β strand), concanavalin A (β type I), elastase (β type II), papain (α + β), 3-helix bundle (3-helix) and snow flea antifreeze protein (polyproline).