Common Cognitive Biases in Nephrology Critical Care: A Plea for Metacognition.

The intensive care unit (ICU) is an incredibly complex environment, and ICU rounds are mentally taxing. The cognitive biases that tend to arise in mentally taxing environments such as the ICU pose a risk to patients. This review discusses 10 common cognitive biases and logical fallacies using examples in Nephrology Critical Care.

Pediatric reference intervals for aldosterone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 using tandem mass spectrometry.

Objectives: To determine age and sex-specific pediatric reference intervals for aldosterone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3).

Background And Design: Reference intervals were determined for neonates and children 0-18 years of age. The study was conducted at both Children's National Medical Center and Georgetown University using outpatient blood samples obtained between January 1, 2004 and June 30, 2008.