Populism and Protest.

The essay considers populism in the present moment in relation to Black Lives Matter as a popular protest movement. Popular protest movements demand that government change; populism in the present moment seeks to act extra-governmentally, and to this end relies on violence in the face of peace protest movement. This violence demonstrates the white patriarchalism of contemporary populism.

Reliable and Valid Coding of Thin Slices of Video Footage: Applicability to the Assessment of Mother-Child Interactions.

When using behavioral-observation methods for coding video footage, it is unknown how much time of an interaction needs to be coded to gain results that are representative for the behavior of interest. The current study examined this problem using the INTAKT, a standardized observational measure for assessing the quality of mother-child interactions. Results from coding only 10 min of each video (i.

Queer/fear: disability, sexuality, and the other.

This paper examines the relationship between disability and "queerness." I argue that the hostility frequently expressed against both disabled and queer individuals is a function of fear of the undecidability of the body. I draw on feminist, queer, and disability theory to help us understand this phenomenon and suggest that these different kinds of theories have a complementary relationship.

Investigation of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport using UV-guided microinjection.

Active nucleo-cytoplasmic transport is mediated by dynamic signal-mediated pathways. We investigated the effects of transcription inhibitors or fluorescent lectins on nuclear import mediated by nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Therefore, a novel experimental approach that allows the controlled sequential introduction of fluorescent substances into living cells was established.

Human ribosomal protein L5 contains defined nuclear localization and export signals.

Ribosomal protein L5 is part of the 60 S ribosomal subunit and localizes in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, accumulating particularly in the nucleoli. L5 is known to bind specifically to 5 S rRNA and is involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport of this rRNA. Here, we report a detailed analysis of the domain organization of the human ribosomal protein L5.

The adenovirus type 5 E1B-55K oncoprotein is a highly active shuttle protein and shuttling is independent of E4orf6, p53 and Mdm2.

The E1B-55K and E4orf6 oncoproteins of adenovirus type 5 are involved in the export of viral mRNAs. Previously, it was suggested that a complex composed of E1B-55K and E4orf6 serves as a nucleocytoplasmic transporter for viral mRNAs in which the E4orf6 protein directs both nuclear import and export. We now demonstrate that the E1B-55K protein itself shuttles efficiently in the absence of E4orf6.

Direct observation of nucleocytoplasmic transport by microinjection of GFP-tagged proteins in living cells.

We established a straightforward experimental system to investigate directly the requirements for nucleocytoplasmic transport in live cells. For this purpose, substrates were created containing nuclear localization signals (NLS) or nuclear export signals (NES) linked to a chimeric protein composed of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP). The combination of GST/GFP-tagging allowed us to control protein expression in bacteria and to monitor protein purification during chromatography.

Pregnancy outcome in heat-exposed hamsters; the involvement of the pineal.

The effect of high ambient temperature (34 degrees C) on the function of the female reproductive system, on embryonic development and on outcome of pregnancy, was investigated in heat-exposed sham-operated (Sh) and pinealectomized (Px) golden hamsters maintained under short photoperiod. Plasma prolactin levels were reduced in both heat-exposed groups (ShH and PxH) but pituitary prolactin was increased in the pinealectomized groups irrespective of ambient temperature (21 or 34 degrees C). Pituitary weights and LH contents were not affected in any test group.

Effect of psychotrophic drugs on [14C]tryptophan metabolism in cultured rat pineal gland.

A potentiated production of [14C]melatonin ([14C]Mt) with a simultaneous decline in [14C]serotonin ([14C]5-HT) conversion to its final metabolite [14C]5-hydroxyindole acetic acid ([14C]5-HIAA) was recorded in a rat pineal medium cultured with [14C]tryptophan and either a neuroleptic [haloperidol (HAL) or chloropromazine (CPZ)] or an antidepressant [desipramine (DIP)] drug. A difference between the pharmacological groups of drugs was evident only in [14C]5-HT levels, which were found significantly elevated in the presence of the neuroleptic HAL and reduced in the presence of the tricyclic antidepressant DIP. A parallel trend was observed in norepinephrine (NE)-induced [14C]tryptophan metabolism in the pineal culture medium.

Effect of pinealectomy on heat-induced endocrine changes in female rats.

Exposure of pinealectomized rats to high ambient temperature (35 degrees C; PXH) brought about a diminution in pituitary weight and LH content when compared to their sham-operated peers (35 degrees C) or to pinealectomized controls (22 degrees C). Serum corticosterone level of PXH rats was significantly depressed while heat or pinealectomy alone had no effect. Mean oestrous cycle length was prolonged and blood serum progesterone was increased in the heat-exposed rats.

The pineal and endocrine changes in heat exposed male hamsters.

Decreased testicular weight with damaged seminiferous tubules were observed in hamsters pinealectomized and exposed continuously to high ambient temperature. In hamsters with intact pineals, exposure to heat resulted in reduced testicular weight without recognizable histological damage. In both groups, serum testosterone levels were elevated, evidently through a compensatory mechanism in the interstitial cells, which did not appear to be damaged.

Darkness-elicited changes in rat reproduction not mediated by pineal gland.

Serum and pituitary LH, prolactin and progesterone changes recorded in parturient rats exposed to continuous darkness throughout pregnancy were not prevented by early ablation of the pineal gland. Similarly, the shorter gestation period observed in rats kept in continuous darkness and the overwhelming tendency of rats in general to deliver during the light period (real or subjective), persisted in the pinealectomized animals. Darkness-induced endocrine changes in rat dams during the perinatal period appear not to be mediated by the pineal gland.

Effect of constant light and darkness on pituitary and serum gonadotropin and sex hormone levels of parturient rats.

Exposure of rats to continuous darkness throughout gestation produced a threefold increase in their serum prolactin and a moderate one in their serum LH levels on the day preceding delivery. Parallel decreases in pituitary prolactin and LH contents were experienced indicating enhanced release of the hormones. In the animals kept in constant light only prolactin release was increased before delivery, their LH levels were unaffected, although diminished pituitary contents due to decreased synthesis were evident.

Role of the pineal gland in male rats chronically exposed to increased temperature.

The effects of the pineal gland on endocrine function (especially those of the gonads) were investigated in male rats chronically exposed to increased temperature. Weanling male rats were either pinealectomized (Px) or sham-operated (Sh). Following one week of recovery, animals were assigned to either control temperature of 21 +/- 1 degree C (PxC and ShC) or a temperature of 35 +/- 1 degrees C (PxH and ShH).

The effect of pinealectomy on serum progesterone and oestradiol levels during the last stage of pregnancy in rats.

Pinealectomy leads to significantly higher levels of progesterone (on days 19 and 20 of gestation) and oestradiol (on days 21 and 22) in the serum of pregnant rats. These results indicate that during the last phase of pregnancy the pineal gland may be modifying the levels of gonadal hormones, although not affecting the sequence of the physiological events.

Melatonin-induced changes in blood and pituitary luteinizing hormone and prolactin levels during the perinatal period in rat dams.

Following melatonin implants into pregnant rats throughout the entire period of gestation, the prenatal level of LH was significantly lowered in serum and the pituitary, while that of prolactin was enhanced in serum and diminished in the pituitary. After parturition, most of the melatonin-induced changes in LH and prolactin disappeared, being replaced by compensatory stimulation of release and synthesis of LH and inhibition of release of prolactin. Neither the abrupt physiological decline of serum progesterone, nor the enhanced level of oestrogen present during the period preceding delivery seem to be affected by melatonin.

A thin-layer chromatographic assay for measuring pineal hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity.

A thin-layer chromatographic procedure for measuring pineal HIOMT activity is described, based on the methylation of NAS to melatonin. The method enables simple and accurate determination in small aliquots from a single pineal organ homogenate.

Pinealectomy-induced changes in blood and pituitary luteinizing and prolactin levels during the last phase of pregnancy in rats.

Serum LH levels were higher in pinealectomized than in sham-operated control rats during all 4 of the last days of pregnancy studied, although reaching significance only during the final 2 days, 21 and 22. Prolactin (Prl) levels in the serum on the final day of pregnancy, and its contents in the pituitary throughout the entire study period, were significantly lower in pinealectomized rats. Pituitary weights were lower in pinealectomized than in control animals during days 21 and 22 of pregnancy, but no differences were found between the 2 groups in the average number of living foetuses and resorptions.

Pineal N-acetyltransferase depression in rats exposed to heat.

Exposure of adult male rats to increased temperature of 33 +/- 1 degrees C for 3 and 10 days brought about decreases in pineal N-acetyltransferase activity. These and previous findings of pineal HIOMT inhibition under similar conditions support the postulation of a possible thermoregulatory role for the pineal gland.

Changes in rodent thyroid hormones and cyclic-AMP following treatment with pineal indolic compounds.

Treatment of rats with pineal indolic compounds 5-methoxytryptophol, 5-hydroxytryptophol and serotonin brought about a significant increase in serum thyroxine levels, while serotonin and melatonin caused an increase in thyroid cAMP content with corresponding decrease in the gland's hormones. The total quantity of cAMP in the thyroid was also increased by melatonin in the organ culture system. All these findings would indicate that some of the pineal indoleamines elicit a direct action on the thyroid by stimulating the adenyl cyclase activity and intrathyroidal cAMP, bringing about increased release of thyroxine into the blood stream, and that this is usually not accompanied by adequate synthesis in the gland.

The effect of thyroid hormones on rat pineal indoleamine metabolism in vitro.

The effect of TSH, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) on basic and noradrenaline (NA)-induced indoleamine metabolism was investigated in rat pineal culture based on the observation that, under the experimental system used, melatonin is formed from its amino acid precursor tryptophan. When added to the culture medium, alone or in the presence of NA, TSH in dosages of 5 and 20 mU had no significant effect on pineal tryptophan metabolism.T4 and 2.

Prolactin and luteinizing hormone levels before and after parturition in rats bearing either single or multiple embryos.

Levels of prolactin and LH were determined in serum and pituitary during the last days of pregnancy and post partum in rats bearing single and multiple embryos. In rats with a single embryo serum prolactin and LH levels were significantly lower during the last 2 days of pregnancy and post partum than in rats bearing multiple embryos. While large increases were recorded in serum prolactin and LH levels in the rats with multiple embryos between days 21 and 22 of gestation, in the group with single embryos changes occurred in LH level only.