The influence of hand hygiene prior to insertion of peripheral venous catheters on the frequency of complications.

In a prospective multi-centre study involving 1132 peripheral venous catheters in three hospitals, the relationship between various measures of hand hygiene before insertion of peripheral venous catheters and the frequency of infectious complications', such as local reddening, swelling, pain, purulence and fever of unknown origin, were analysed. For documentation of the relevant data, special protocol forms, one for each catheter, were filled in at the time of insertion and removal of catheters. In comparison with simple hand washing, disinfection of hands before the insertion or wearing of gloves resulted in significantly fewer complications (relative risk 0.

Meloidogyne petuniae n. sp. (Nemata: Meloidogynidae), a Root-knot Nematode Parasitic on Petunia in Brazil.

Meloidogyne petuniae n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens parasitic on petunia (Petunia hybrida L.

Morphometric Evaluation of Hypotriploid and Triploid Populations of Meloidogyne arenaria.

A morphometric comparison of seven hypotriploid populations with five pooled triploid populations of Meloidogyne arenaria was made using standard descriptive statistics, stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA), and cluster analysis. Six morphometric characters of females, 14 of second-stage juveniles (J2), and 18 of males were measured for each population. Useful differentiating characters included: body length in J2; stylet length in females and J2; stylet-knob dimensions in females and males; dorsal esophageal gland orifice distance in all three life stages; esophagus-length ratio in males and J2; excretory pore position in J2; and spicule length in males.

Morphological Comparison of Seven Hypotriploid Populations of Meloidogyne arenaria with the Typical Triploid Populations.

A morphological comparison of seven hypotriploid populations of Meloidogyne arenaria was made to clarify their taxonomic status, using light and scanning electron microscopy. All populations differed from each other and from the typical triploid M. arenaria by certain features.

Meloidogyne morocciensis n. sp. (Meloidogyninae), a Root-knot Nematode from Morocco.

Meloidogyne morocciensis n. sp. is described from specimens parasitic on peach rootstock from Morocco.

Morphological Comparison of Three Host Races of Meloidogyne javanica.

A morphological and morphometric comparison using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was made of six populations of Meloidogyne javanica belonging to three host races (infective on pepper, peanut, or noninfective on both). The variability of certain morphological characters was studied within these populations, and the reliability of these taxonomic traits was evaluated for usefulness in species identification. The most useful diagnostic characters of M.

Meloidogyne mayaguensis n. sp. (Meloidogynidae), a Root-knot Nematode from Puerto Rico.

Meloidogyne mayaguensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from galled roots of eggplant, Solanum melongena L.

Morphological comparison and taxonomic utility of copulatory structures of selected nematode species.

Spicules of 9 Meloidogyne, 2 Heterodera, 3 Globodera, and 12 other plant-parasitic, insect-parasitic, and free-living nematodes were excised and examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gubernacula of some of the species were also excised, and their structure was determined. The two spicules of all species examined were symmetrically identical in morphology.

Meloidogyne hispanica n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), the 'Seville Root-Knot Nematode'.

Meloidogyne hispanica n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from peach rootstock, Prunus persica silvestris Batsch, from the Seville district of Spain.

Evaluation of Morphological Variability in Meloidogyne arenaria.

Seven populations, representing cytological race A (triploid, 3n = 51-56) and the two host races (infective and noninfective on peanut) of Meloidogyne arenaria were studied with light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Characteristics of root-knot nematodes, recently recommended as useful taxonomic traits, were reexamined among these populations, and their variability both within and between populations was ascertained. We found that stylet morphology of females and head and stylet morphologies of males and second-stage juveniles were the most reliable characters for identification.

Meloidogyne microcephala n. sp. (Meloidogynidae), a Root-knot Nematode from Thailand.

Meloidogyne microcephala n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.

Meloidogyne platani n. sp. (Meloidogynidae), a Root-knot Nematode Parasitizing American Sycamore.

Meloidogyne platani n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from roots of American sycamore, Platanus occidentalis, in Virginia.

Identification of meloidogyne species on the basis of head shape and, stylet morphology of the male.

Head shape and stylet morphology of males of 90 populations of M. arenaria, M. hapla, M.

[Duodenal ulcer - multicenter double-blind study with proglumide].

In a randomised multicenter double blind study we investigated the healing-rate with proglumid and an antacid drug, studying 70 in- and outpatients with florid duodenal ulcer. We evaluated the size and depth of 59 chronic duodenal ulcers in 52 patients with endoscopic and x-ray-investigations before and after four-week-treatment. Inpatients of the proglumid-group had a significant higher healing-rate than inpatients in the antacid-group (95% against 70%, p less than 0.

Morphological comparison of meloidogyne female head structures, perineal patterns, and stylets.

The external morphology of female heads of three populations of each of two cytological races of Meloidogyne hapla (race A-meiotic, race B-mitotic) and single populations of M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M.

Morphological comparison of meloidogyne males by scanning electron microscopy.

Males of five populations of Meloidogyne hapla were compared by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three populations of race A had haploid chromosome numbers of 15, 16, and 17 and reproduced by facultative parthenogenesis. Race B consisted of two mitotically parthenogenetic populations with somatic chromosome numbers of 45 and 48.

Morphological Comparison of Second-Stage Juveniles of Six Populations of Meloidogyne hapla by SEM.

External morphology of second-stage juveniles of six populations of Meloidogyne hapla, hclonging to two cytological races (A and B), and one population each of M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M.

Anguina plantaginis n. sp. parasitic on Plantago aristata with a description of its developmental stages.

Anguina plantaginis n. sp., parasitic on Plantago aristata, is described and illustrated.

Chromonema heliothidis n. gen., n. sp. (Steinernematidae, Nematoda), a parasite of Heliothis zea (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera), and other insects.

Chromonema heliothidis n. gen., n.

Comparative fine structure of the stomatal region of males of Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera glycines.

The fine structure of the stylet, "guiding apparatus," anti protractor muscles of males of Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera glycines is ehtcittated and compared. In both nematodes, the stylet cone is of greater electron density than the shaft. The cone is heterogeneous; shaft material extends into it for most of its length, whereas the shaft proper and knob regions are relatively homogeneous.

Body Wall Fine Structure of the Anterior Region of Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera glycines Males.

The body wall fine structure including the cuticle, hypodermis, and somatic muscles is similar in males of Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera glycines. The cuticle can be regarded as basically three-layered in both species, but is much thicker in M. incognita than in H.

Fine Structure of Cephalic Sense Organs in Heterodera glycines Males.

Cephalic sense organs of Heterodera glycines males were examined in detail by electron microscopy. Each amphid basically consists of an amphidial gland, a nerve bundle, and an amphidial duct. The amphidial gland consists of a microvillous region, and laterally is closely associated with a large secretory cell.