More than words: can free reports adequately measure the richness of perception?

The question of the richness (or sparseness) of conscious experience has evoked ongoing debate and discussion. Claims for both richness and sparseness are supported by empirical data, yet they are often indirect, and alternative explanations have been put forward. Recently, it has been suggested that current experimental methods limit participants' responses, thereby preventing researchers from assessing the actual richness of perception.

A standardized framework to test event-based experiments.

The replication crisis in experimental psychology and neuroscience has received much attention recently. This has led to wide acceptance of measures to improve scientific practices, such as preregistration and registered reports. Less effort has been devoted to performing and reporting the results of systematic tests of the functioning of the experimental setup itself.

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Emergency Action Plan Development and Implementation in Sport.

Objective: An emergency action plan (EAP) is a written document detailing the preparations and on-site emergency response of health care professionals and other stakeholders to medical emergencies in the prehospital setting. The EAP is developed to address any type of catastrophic injury response and should not be condition specific. The objective of this National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement is to provide evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for developing and implementing an EAP for sports settings.

Taking consciousness for real: Increasing the ecological validity of the study of conscious vs. unconscious processes.

The study of consciousness has developed well-controlled, rigorous methods for manipulating and measuring consciousness. Yet, in the process, experimental paradigms grew farther away from everyday conscious and unconscious processes, which raises the concern of ecological validity. In this review, we suggest that the field can benefit from adopting a more ecological approach, akin to other fields of cognitive science.

Secondary School State Athletic Association Health and Safety Policy Development Processes.

Background: The National Federation of State High School Associations provides recommendations regarding health and safety policies; however, policy development is governed at the state level. Given interstate differences in governance, the primary purpose was to describe processes that State High School Athletic Associations (SHSAAs) utilize to develop a new policy. The secondary objective was to determine what methods associations use to implement new policies.

Using virtual reality to induce multi-trial inattentional blindness despite trial-by-trial measures of awareness.

Unconscious processing has been widely examined using diverse and well-controlled methodologies. However, the extent to which these findings are relevant to real-life instances of information processing without awareness is limited. Here, we present a novel inattentional blindness (IB) paradigm in virtual reality (VR).

Access to Athletic Trainers and Emergency Medical Services Activations for Sport-Related Injuries.

Context: Having athletic trainers (ATs) employed at secondary schools is associated with improved preparedness for sport-related emergencies. The use of emergency medical services (EMS) in settings with different access to athletic training services remains unknown.

Objective: To compare the incidence of EMS activations for patients with sport-related injuries among zip codes with various levels of access to athletic training services.

Variations of wet-bulb globe temperature across high school athletics in South Carolina.

The purpose was to describe wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) throughout a high school fall athletic season (August to November) after a state-wide mandate requiring schools to use a WBGT-guided activity modification table with categories (AMTC). A cross-sectional research design utilized 30 South Carolina high schools. The independent variables were region (upstate, midlands, and coastal), sport (football, tennis, cross-country), month, start times (7-10 am, 10 am-3 pm, 3-6 pm, and 6-9 pm), and event type (practice, competition).

Exercise Habits and Resources for Southeastern US Firefighters.

Background: This study aimed to assess exercise habits and facility resources accessible to southeastern US firefighters.

Methods: Firefighters completed questionnaires on topics including demographics, work demands, exercise methods, and facility resources.

Results: Sixty-six percent of participants reported they engage in exercise ≥30 min/d.

An adversarial collaboration protocol for testing contrasting predictions of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theory.

The relationship between conscious experience and brain activity has intrigued scientists and philosophers for centuries. In the last decades, several theories have suggested different accounts for these relationships. These theories have developed in parallel, with little to no cross-talk among them.

The Association Between Access to Athletic Trainers and Emergency Medical Services Activations for Sport-Related Injuries.

Context: Having athletic trainers (ATs) employed at secondary schools is associated with improved preparedness for sport-related emergencies. Utilization of emergency medical services (EMS) with different access to athletic training services remains unknown.

Objective: Compare the incidence of EMS activations for sport-related injuries between zip-codes with varying access to athletic training services.

Epidemiology of Emergency Medical Services Activations for Sport-Related Injuries in the United States.

Background Literature examining emergency medical services (EMS) activations for sport-related injuries is limited to the pediatric, high school, and collegiate student-athlete populations, excluding older individuals and recreational athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine EMS activations for sport-related injuries using the National EMS Information System Database from 2017-2018. Methods Data were obtained using the National EMS Information System Database from 2017-2018.

Combining MRI and cognitive evaluation to classify concussion in university athletes.

Current methods of concussion assessment lack the objectivity and reliability to detect neurological injury. This multi-site study uses combinations of neuroimaging (diffusion tensor imaging and resting state functional MRI) and cognitive measures to train algorithms to detect the presence of concussion in university athletes. Athletes (29 concussed, 48 controls) completed symptom reports, brief cognitive evaluation, and MRI within 72 h of injury.

Assessing the validity of a helmet fit checklist in a sample of youth football players.

The dynamics of American youth football make it critical to ensure that helmets are appropriately fit to decrease the risk of injuries. Currently, there is only one researcher-developed checklist to determine helmet fit, and psychometric testing is lacking; therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the validity of the checklist. The 13-item checklist was used to measure helmet fit in 267 youth football players prior to the start of the season.

Improper Fit in American Youth Football Helmets Across One Competitive Season.

Improper helmet fit is related to sport-related concussion symptomology. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of improperly fit helmets in American youth tackle football players across one competitive season. Four recreation leagues including 147 players (45.

Exertional Heat Stroke Knowledge and Management among Emergency Medical Service Providers.

This study evaluated emergency medical services (EMS) providers' knowledge of exertional heat stroke (EHS) and assessed current EMS capabilities for recognizing and managing EHS. EMS providers currently practicing in the United States were recruited to complete a 25-item questionnaire. There were 216 questionnaire responses (183 complete) representing 28 states.

Core Body Temperatures in Collegiate Marching Band Artists During Rehearsals and Performances.

Context: To our knowledge, no researchers have investigated thermoregulatory responses and exertional heat illness (EHI) risk factors in marching band (MB) artists performing physical activity in high environmental temperatures.

Objective: To examine core temperature (Tc) and EHI risk factors in MB artists.

Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Windows of Integration Hypothesis Revisited.

In the ongoing research of the functions of consciousness, special emphasis has been put on integration of information: the ability to combine different signals into a coherent, unified one. Several theories of consciousness hold that this ability depends on - or at least goes hand in hand with - conscious processing. Yet some empirical findings have suggested otherwise, claiming that integration of information could take place even without awareness.

Collegiate Marching Band Artists Experience High Core Body Temperatures during Rehearsals and Performances.

Context: No research has investigated thermoregulatory responses and exertional heat illness (EHI) risk factors in marching band (MB) artists performing physical activity in high environmental temperatures.

Objective: Examine core temperature (Tc) and EHI risk factors in MB artists.

Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Heat-Related Illnesses Transported by United States Emergency Medical Services.

Heat-related illness (HRI) can have significant morbidity and mortality consequences. Research has predominately focused on HRI in the emergency department, yet health care leading up to hospital arrival can impact patient outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe HRI in the prehospital setting.

Exertional Heat-Stroke Management Practices and Intentions Among Secondary School Football Athletic Trainers.

Context: Athletic trainers (ATs) are educated and trained in appropriate exertional heat-stroke (EHS) management strategies, yet disparities may exist between intended and actual uses in clinical practice.

Objective: To examine the intended and actual uses of EHS management strategies among those who did and those who did not treat patients with suspected cases of EHS during the 2017 high school (HS) American football preseason.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

The prevalence of sickle cell trait in Division I university athletics programs.

: To determine the prevalence of student-athletes with sickle cell trait (SCT) and describe their demographics, prior knowledge of status, and hemoglobin (Hb) profile. : A retrospective chart review was conducted at two National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I universities. Participants were student-athletes during the 2010/11-2018/19 academic years.