Unsteady flow through in-vitro models of the glottis.

The unsteady two-dimensional flow through fixed rigid in vitro models of the glottis is studied in some detail to validate a more accurate model based on the prediction of boundary-layer separation. The study is restricted to the flow phenomena occurring within the glottis and does not include effects of vocal-fold movement on the flow. Pressure measurements have been carried out for a transient flow through a rigid scale model of the glottis.

The pathogenesis of nasal polyposis by immunoglobulin E and interleukin-5 is completed by transforming growth factor-beta1.

Objectives/hypothesis: Nasal polyps are benign mucosal protrusions into the nasal cavity of multifactorial origin and are characterized by chronic mucosal inflammation. The suggested multifactorial pathological mechanisms comprise several factors including cytokines and immunoglobulin E (IgE). The study was designed to examine the suggested roles of IgE, interleukin-5 (IL-5), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.

Rhinomanometry: an update.

Rhinomanometry has been widely accepted and used as an objective method to assess nasal patency for more than two decades. Much knowledge was obtained with its application in nasal pathophysiology and measuring techniques are still an issue for continuous improvement. Background, concept and current techniques, past, present and future, reliability, indications and contraindications are discussed in details.

Quasisteady aero-acoustic response of orifices.

The low frequency response of orifices (slit, circular diaphragm, and perforated plate) in the presence of mean flow is well predicted by a quasisteady theory. A refinement is brought to the theory by considering a Mach number dependent vena contracta coefficient. The measurements of the vena contracta coefficient of a slit agree well with the simple analytical expression existing in the case of the Borda tube orifice.

Prognostic significance of P53 histochemistry and DNA histogram parameters in head and neck malignancies.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the role of quantitative pathological parameters in prognosis of head and neck malignancies.

Materials And Methods: 51 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients were examined for mutant p53 gene expression (45 out of 51 patients) by immunohistochemistry and for cellular DNA-content (44 out of 51 patients) using digital picture analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using BMDP package.

[Effectiveness and tolerability of the glucocorticoid mometasone furoate given as nasal spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis].

The clinical effect and tolerance of momethasone furoate (MF) glucocorticoid nasal spray (MFNS) were studied in 14-70 year-old patients suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis. The patients administered daily one (morning) dose, 100 micrograms each, of MF into both nostrils, for a period of 14 days. They did not use other medicines affecting nasal symptoms.

[Athletic amenorrhea and its consequences. Hard physical training at an early age can cause serious bone damage].

Strenuous exercise in women is associated with a high incidence of menstrual dysfunction, including amenorrhoea. Athletic amenorrhoea is most common among long-distance runners and ballet dancers, with a prevalence of up to 66 per cent. It is of hypothalamic origin, the pulsatile release of GnRH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) being disturbed during exercise, resulting in low gonadotrophin and oestrogen levels.

Correlation between objective and subjective assessments of nasal patency.

The correlation between the subjective sensation of nasal patency and nasal resistance (NR) to airflow was examined in a large population. The subjective estimation was assessed by a visual analogue scale and the NR by active anterior rhinomanometry in 158 subjects. Evaluation and statistical analysis--including correlation and regression analysis--were computerized.

Hormonal regulation of appetite and food intake.

Several clinical disorders are strongly influenced by hormones involved in appetite and weight regulation. Obesity and eating disorders are of major importance, because they are associated with severe morbidity and considered to be among the greatest health problems in the Western world today. This review describes recent findings in hormonal regulation of food intake by substances acting both centrally, such as corticotropin-releasing factor, neuropeptide Y and leptin, and peripherally, such as cholecystokinin and somatostatin.

Laser surgery of the vocal cord.

A total of 1032 vocal cord operations have been performed by means of CO2 laser in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of the Semmelweis University of Medicine in Budapest in the past 10 years. There were 687 benign cases and 345 malignant cases of lesions discovered. The procedures were performed under general anesthesia in many instances with jet narcosis--in laryngomicroscopic exposure.

The central odontogenic fibroma and the hyperplastic dental follicle: study with Picrosirius red and polarizing microscopy.

The central odontogenic fibroma (COF) is an uncommon odontogenic tumor in which the microscopic appearance is similar to that of the hyperplastic dental follicle (HDF). Distinction between these lesions is based mainly on their clinical and radiologic features. The collagen of 5 cases of COF and 13 cases of HDF was studied histochemically by staining sections with Picrosirius red and examining them by polarizing microscopy.

Reduced serum cholecystokinin and increase in body fat during oral contraception.

This investigation was undertaken to explore a possible role of the "satiety peptide" cholecystokinin and some other gastrointestinal hormones for changes in appetite and weight during oral contraception. Ten young healthy women attending a youth health care center for contraceptive counseling volunteered for the study. A standardized meal test was used for recordings of appetite and gastrointestinal hormone response before and after 5 months of treatment with a monophasic combined oral contraceptive.

Altered adrenal steroid metabolism underlying hypercortisolism in female endurance athletes.

Objective: To explore possible changes in adrenal steroid metabolism and androgenic-anabolic status in female endurance athletes as a mechanism for their hypercortisolism.

Design: Adrenal steroids and androgenic-anabolic factors were studied during basal conditions and in response to ACTH stimulation related to menstrual status.

Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Airflow resistance monitoring in laryngotracheal stenosis. Laser surgery in bilateral vocal cord paralysis.

Thirty-seven patients with laryngotracheal stenosis were treated within the last 3 years at the ENT Department of the Semmelweis University of Medicine in Budapest. Unilateral laser arytenoidectomy was performed in the group with pure vocal cord paralysis. Airflow resistance of the upper respiratory tract was measured with a modified Rhinotest MP 500 active anterior rhinomanometer through the tracheostomal orifice before and after the operation.

The airflow resistance profile of healthy nasal cavities.

Distribution of resistance to respiratory airflow in the nasal cavities was determined by digitized pressure/flow measurements of consecutive 2-cm airway segments between nostril and nasopharynx. Healthy adult subjects seated in a head-out body plethysmograph breathed exclusively through a single nasal cavity while transnasal pressure and flow signals were transduced, digitized and processed by a programmed desk-top computer to provide resistance values. Mean total resistances of untreated and decongested single nasal cavities were 0.

Pharyngeal airflow during sleep.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sleep and nasal resistance on pharyngeal airflow in a group of healthy male adults without complaint of habitual snoring. Twelve subjects aged 21 to 60 years were studied in a sleep laboratory during exclusive nasal breathing. Nasal and pharyngeal airflow variables were measured concomitantly at different stages of sleep.

Reduced serum cholecystokinin response to food intake in female athletes.

Strenuous training in women has been shown to cause menstrual dysfunction and decreased bone mineral density. These endocrine and metabolic complications are associated with an insufficient dietary intake and decreased body fat content in female athletes. The present investigation was undertaken to study serum levels of cholecystokinin (CCK), insulin, gastrin, and cortisol in 14 female long-distance runners and 15 sex- and age-matched control subjects during intake of a standardized meal (500 kcal).

Hormone anabolic/catabolic balance in female endurance athletes.

The anabolic/catabolic hormone balance in 13 female endurance athletes was studied during basal conditions by comparing their serum concentrations of androgenic and catabolic steroids, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin with corresponding values in 15 matched sedentary controls. Higher cortisol and lower levels sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were found in the athletes, and these differences were enhanced depending on the degree of menstrual disorders. There was a negative correlation between cortisol and SHBG levels.

Connective tissue nevi collagens. Study with picrosirius red and polarizing microscopy.

Biopsy specimens of five connective tissue nevi were examined under crossed polars after staining with Picrosirius red. One biopsy specimen was from a solitary nevus, another from a Shagreen patch. The other three specimens were of erupted nevi.

Ancient neurilemmoma (Schwannoma) of the oral cavity.

Ancient neurilemmoma is a rare lesion of the oral cavity. The present article describes an additional case and discusses some difficulties in its histological diagnosis. The final diagnosis is based on both light and electron microscopy morphology.

Our experiences at Semmelweis University with different techniques and materials in the surgery of chronic otitis media.

Different techniques and materials used in the surgery of chronic otitis media have been evaluated in a large clinical experience at Semmelweis University, Budapest. Data from 1572 operations performed during the last 5 years (1983-1988) are summarized. In the 870 non-cholesteatomatous processes (55.

Results obtained with Loderix tablet in chronic rhinitis patients.

The place of histamine among primary mediators in allergic rhinitis and the mechanism of action of antihistamines have been discussed. The use of Loderix was tried in 40 chronic rhinitis patients by the open method. According to the observations the second generation Loderix may be successfully used in allergic rhinitis and "eosinophil" type vasomotor rhinitis cases.