Post-transplant liver biopsies: a concise and practical approach for beginners.

Exposure to post-transplant liver biopsies varies among pathology residencies and largely depends on the institution's training program, particularly if the hospital has a liver transplant program. The interpretation of biopsies from transplanted livers presents its own set of challenges, even for those with a solid understanding of non-transplant medical liver biopsies. In this review, we aim to provide a succinct, step-by-step approach to help you interpret liver transplant biopsies.

Neuromodulation Strategies in Lifelong Bipolar Disorder: A Narrative Review.

Bipolar disorder is a debilitating psychiatric condition characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression, affecting millions worldwide. While pharmacotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment, a significant proportion of patients exhibit inadequate response or intolerable side effects to conventional medications. In recent years, neuromodulation techniques have emerged as promising adjunctive or alternative treatments for bipolar disorder.

Hiding in plain sight: eating disorders in diverse populations - a case for comprehensive medical education.

Background: Training gaps regarding the diagnosis and management of eating disorders in diverse populations, including racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender minoritized groups, have not been thoroughly examined.

Objective: This study aimed to examine resident physicians' knowledge and attitudes regarding eating disorders in diverse populations, with a focus on areas for improved training and intervention.

Methods: Ninety-two resident physicians in internal medicine, emergency medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, psychiatry, and surgery at an academic center completed an online survey from 12/1/2020-3/1/2021, which comprised multiple choice and vignette-style open-ended questions to assess knowledge and attitudes toward the management and clinical presentations of eating disorders.

Evaluation of Bioprinted Autologous Cartilage Grafts in an Immunocompetent Rabbit Model.

The gold standard of auricular reconstruction involves manual graft assembly from autologous costal cartilage. The intervention may require multiple surgical procedures and lead to donor-site morbidity, while the outcome is highly dependent on individual surgical skills. A tissue engineering approach provides the means to produce cartilage grafts of a defined shape from autologous chondrocytes.

Systematic review of long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications approved from 2008 to october 2024 and agents in phase 3.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a detailed summary of the long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2008 to October 2024. We aim to provide an overview of the mechanism of action, indications for both labeled and off-label uses, evidence for efficacy, dosing, and the adverse effects of each drug.

Methods: Studies published from 2008 to October 1, 2024, were identified from the PubMed database, using the keywords: 'long-acting injectables' OR 'LAI*'AND 'psychopharm*" OR 'schizophrenia' The authors conducted a focused analysis independently and reached a consensus on the recently approved long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications to be included in this systematic review.

Ultrastructural overlap between immunotactoid and cryoglobulin glomerulopathy: A case report.

Immunotactoid glomerulopathy (ITG), a condition characterised by highly organised microtubules on electron microscopy, and cryoglobulin glomerulopathy (CG) are rare forms of kidney injury that may be encountered in patients with cryoglobulinaemia. It has been proposed these two entities are part of the same disease process following observed clinical and histological similarities.

Dental Rehabilitation in Maxillomandibular Free Flap Reconstruction.

Microvascular free-flaps have changed reconstructive surgery. For patients undergoing maxillomandibular resections, free-flap surgery, especially use of the osseocutaneous fibula free-flap (FFF) has dramatically altered the ability to provide patients with good functional and aesthetic outcomes despite a large resection. The use of endosseous dental implants along with free-flaps has helped patients return to eating and speaking relatively quickly postoperatively.

Clinical Significance of Arthroscopic Debridement, Trapeziectomy, and Joint Replacement for Basilar Thumb Joint Arthritis: A Meta-analysis of Pain Score Improvements.

Introduction: A meta-analysis was conducted comparing the impact of Arthroscopic debridement (AD), trapeziectomy (TRAP), and joint replacement (JR) on the change in pain scores on patients with Basilar thumb joint arthritis (BTJA).

Methods: Four databases were searched for studies presenting pain outcomes following surgical intervention for BTJA. Pain scores were reported using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and compared against the pre-established threshold for Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) of 1.

Overview of Psychiatric Medications in the Pipeline in Phase III Trials as of June 1, 2024: A Systematic Review.

Objective: This systematic review provides an overview of psychiatric medications in the late stages of development (Phase III clinical trials) as of June 1, 2024. It details the mechanisms of action, efficacy, dosing, and adverse effects of these medications.

Methods: We searched the PubMed database for Phase III studies of psychiatric medications published until June 1, 2024, using the keywords "psychiatric" OR "psychopharm*" AND "medic*" OR "pharm*".

Nonoperative Management of Trapeziometacarpal Joint Arthritis: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Trials.

This systematic review evaluates nonoperative treatments for trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis (TMJO), a common degenerative condition in postmenopausal females causing pain, reduced mobility, and diminished grip strength. Following PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and MEDLINE for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing pain outcomes with nonoperative interventions over at least a six-month follow-up, using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain measurement. Eleven RCTs yielded moderate-quality evidence for the following: (1) corticosteroid (CSI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) injections exhibit comparable mean delta pain scores after six months, with CSI offering early relief at two to three weeks.

Evaluating inter- and intraobserver reliability in radiographic determination of wrist alignment following scaphoid excision and four-corner arthrodesis.

Background: Four-corner arthrodesis is commonly performed for advanced collapse patterns of wrist arthritis. Reduction of the capitolunate (CL) angle during four-corner fusion is crucial to allow for the greatest radiocarpal joint arc of motion. Previous studies demonstrate variable inter- and intraobserver reliability of measuring the CL angle.

AI-enhanced analysis of naturalistic social interactions characterizes interaffective impairments in schizophrenia.

Social deficits in schizophrenia have been attributed to an impaired attunement to mutual interaction, or "interaffectivity". While impairments in emotion recognition and facial expressivity in schizophrenia have been consistently reported, findings on mimicry and social synchrony are inconsistent, and previous studies have often lacked ecological validity. To investigate interaffective behavior in dyadic interactions in a real-world-like setting, 20 individuals with schizophrenia and 20 without mental disorder played a cooperative board game with a previously unacquainted healthy control participant.

A unified metric of human immune health.

Immunological health has been challenging to characterize but could be defined as the absence of immune pathology. While shared features of some immune diseases and the concept of immunologic resilience based on age-independent adaptation to antigenic stimulation have been developed, general metrics of immune health and its utility for assessing clinically healthy individuals remain ill defined. Here we integrated transcriptomics, serum protein, peripheral immune cell frequency and clinical data from 228 patients with 22 monogenic conditions impacting key immunological pathways together with 42 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Total Shoulder Arthroplasty is associated With Less Pain and Better Functional Outcomes, but Humeral Head Resurfacing may be Preferred in Younger, Higher Demand Patients: A Short-Term Outcomes Study in Patients with Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare short-term outcomes following Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA) and Humeral Head Resurfacing (HHR) in patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA).

Methods: A retrospective analysis included patients who had undergone either TSA or HHR for GHOA at a single institution. Baseline demographics, complications, range of motion (active forward flexion, FF and active external rotation, ER), visual analog scores (VAS), and Subjective Shoulder Values (SSV) were collected.

The WERA cancer center matrix: Strategic management of patient access to precision oncology in a large and mostly rural area of Germany.

Purpose: Providing patient access to precision oncology (PO) is a major challenge of clinical oncologists. Here, we provide an easily transferable model from strategic management science to assess the outreach of a cancer center.

Methods: As members of the German WERA alliance, the cancer centers in Würzburg, Erlangen, Regensburg and Augsburg merged care data regarding their geographical impact.

Designing a Novel Digitally Delivered Antiracism Intervention for Mental Health Clinicians: Exploratory Analysis of Acceptability.

Background: There is a great need for evidence-based antiracism interventions targeting mental health clinicians to help mitigate mental health disparities in racially and ethnically minoritized groups.

Objective: This study provides an exploratory analysis of mental health clinicians' perspectives on the acceptability of a web-based antiracism intervention.

Methods: Mental health clinicians were recruited from a single academic medical center through outreach emails.

Long-term effectiveness of zoledronic acid in patients with Paget's disease of bone - a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: The aims of the current study were to describe clinical and biochemical features of patients with Paget disease of bone (PDB) followed at our medical center, and to examine the long-term effectiveness of zoledronate.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients≥18 years with a diagnosis of PDB, followed in the Rabin Medical Center (RMC) Institute of Endocrinology from 1973 to 2023. The cohort comprised two groups: patients treated/not treated with zoledronic acid (ZOL/NZOL).

T cell help induces transcriptional bursts in germinal center B cells during positive selection.

Antibody affinity maturation occurs in secondary lymphoid organs within germinal centers (GCs). At these sites, B cells mutate their antibody-encoding genes in the dark zone, followed by preferential selection of the high-affinity variants in the light zone by T cells. The strength of the T cell-derived selection signals is proportional to the B cell receptor affinity and to the magnitude of subsequent expression.

Effectiveness of Arthroscopic Debridement, Trapeziectomy, and Joint Replacement for Trapeziometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Pre and Postoperative Pain Scores.

Trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis (TMJO) affects up to 33% of postmenopausal women, leading to pain, reduced mobility, and grip strength, with initial treatments focusing on non-surgical options like injections, orthoses, and exercises before considering surgery. A major challenge in managing TMJO involves selecting the optimal surgical strategy that is customized to individual clinical conditions. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of three common surgical interventions for TMJO in relieving pain, including arthroscopic debridement (AD), trapeziectomy (TRAP), and joint replacement (JR).

Developing a mental toughness program for basic military training.

To build a warfighter from the ground up, training should include not only the core competencies required for job performance in the Fleet but also the mental toughness expected to handle the stress, fatigue, and call for sudden action required of all sailors on duty, regardless of occupation. Recruit Training Command (RTC) has embarked on a program to provide explicit training to recruits on the development of toughness in boot camp. This program is multifaceted, including three pilot programs (two all-male pilots, one integrated/mixed gender pilot) for mental skill training.

The differential regulation of placenta trophoblast bisphosphoglycerate mutase in fetal growth restriction: preclinical study in mice and observational histological study of human placenta.

Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pregnancy complication in which a newborn fails to achieve its growth potential, increasing the risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Chronic maternal gestational hypoxia, as well as placental insufficiency are associated with increased FGR incidence; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying FGR remain unknown.

Methods: Pregnant mice were subjected to acute or chronic hypoxia (12.