Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, and Edoxaban for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Based on Blood Coagulation Activity and Drug Plasma Concentration: SETtsu and North Osaka Multicenter Direct Oral AntiCoagulant (SET DOAC) Registry.

The therapeutic effects of oral anticoagulant drugs for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) suggest that the three factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors may have distinct safety profiles, though this is not yet fully conclusive. This study investigated the current dosing of rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban by monitoring drug plasma concentration (PC) and coagulation activity from the viewpoint of the safety. This multicenter clinical study monitored the drug PC and two coagulation biomarkers (fibrinogen and fibrin monomer complex [FMC]) at peak and trough timing in 268 outpatients taking rivaroxaban (n = 72), apixaban (n = 71), and edoxaban (n = 125) for NVAF.

In situ X-ray diffraction studies on nominal composition of CLi under high pressure and temperature.

Superdense phase between graphite and Li metal, Li, has been significant in the research on both lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and graphite intercalated compounds (GICs). However, a detailed method for synthesizing Li remains unknown owing to the limited information regarding Li and difficulties in distinguishing Li from Li. Thus, we performed in situ X-ray diffraction measurements on samples with the nominal composition of Li under high pressures and temperatures of up to 10 GPa and 400 , respectively.

Selective Synthesis of Perovskite Oxyhydrides Using a High-Pressure Flux Method.

Oxyhydrides with multi-anions (O and H) are a recently developed material family and have attracted attention as catalysts and hydride ion conductors. High-pressure and high-temperature reactions are effective in synthesizing oxyhydrides, but the reactions sometimes result in inhomogeneous products due to insufficient diffusion of the solid components. Here, we synthesized new perovskite oxyhydrides SrVOH and SrVOH.

Hydrogen Absorption Reactions of Hydrogen Storage Alloy LaNi under High Pressure.

Hydrogen can be stored in the interstitial sites of the lattices of intermetallic compounds. To date, intermetallic compound LaNi or related LaNi-based alloys are known to be practical hydrogen storage materials owing to their higher volumetric hydrogen densities, making them a compact hydrogen storage method and allowing stable reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions to take place at room temperature below 1.0 MPa.

Auger electrons and DNA double-strand breaks studied by using iodine-containing chemicals.

Irradiation of high Z elements such as iodine, gold, gadolinium with monochromatic X-rays causes photoelectric effects that include the release of Auger electrons. Decay of radioactive iodine such as I-123 and I-125 also results in multiple events and some involve the generation of Auger electrons. These electrons have low energy and travel only a short distance but have a strong effect on DNA damage including the generation of double-strand breaks.

Uranium chelating ability of decorporation agents in serum evaluated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

Internal exposure to actinides such as uranium and plutonium has been reduced using chelating agents for decorporation because of their potential to induce both radiological and chemical toxicities. This study measures uranium chemical forms in serum in the presence and absence of chelating agents based on X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The chelating agents used were 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-bisphosphonate (EHBP), inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), deferoxamine B (DFO), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA).

Hydrogenation treatment under several gigapascals assists diffusionless transformation in a face-centered cubic steel.

The use of hydrogen in iron and steel has the potential to improve mechanical properties via altering the phase stability and dislocation behavior. When hydrogen is introduced under several gigapascals, a stoichiometric composition of hydrogen can be introduced for steel compositions. In this study, a face-centered cubic (fcc) stainless steel was hydrogenated under several gigapascals.

Iodine containing porous organosilica nanoparticles trigger tumor spheroids destruction upon monochromatic X-ray irradiation: DNA breaks and K-edge energy X-ray.

X-ray irradiation of high Z elements causes photoelectric effects that include the release of Auger electrons that can induce localized DNA breaks. We have previously established a tumor spheroid-based assay that used gadolinium containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles and synchrotron-generated monochromatic X-rays. In this work, we focused on iodine and synthesized iodine-containing porous organosilica (IPO) nanoparticles.

Crystal and Magnetic Structures of Double Hexagonal Close-Packed Iron Deuteride.

Neutron powder diffraction profiles were collected for iron deuteride (FeD) while the temperature decreased from 1023 to 300 K for a pressure range of 4-6 gigapascal (GPa). The ε' deuteride with a double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) structure, which coexisted with other stable or metastable deutrides at each temperature and pressure condition, formed solid solutions with a composition of FeD at 673 K and 6.1 GPa and FeD at 603 K and 4.

Do SnI molecules deform on heating and pressurization in the low-pressure crystalline phase?

A SnI molecule lowers its symmetry from T to [Formula: see text] on the liquid-liquid transition. Because it is possible to lower the molecular symmetry without violating the crystalline symmetry, it is worth examining whether the deformation occurs in the crystalline phase field. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements on the crystalline state were carried out to investigate the change in the environment around a Sn atom at high pressures and temperatures.

Destruction of tumor mass by gadolinium-loaded nanoparticles irradiated with monochromatic X-rays: Implications for the Auger therapy.

Synchrotron generated monochromatic X-rays can be precisely tuned to the K-shell energy of high Z materials resulting in the release of the Auger electrons. In this work, we have employed this mechanism to destruct tumor spheroids. We first loaded gadolinium onto the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) producing gadolinium-loaded MSN (Gd-MSN).

Hexagonal Close-packed Iron Hydride behind the Conventional Phase Diagram.

Hexagonal close-packed iron hydride, hcp FeH, is absent from the conventional phase diagram of the Fe-H system, although hcp metallic Fe exists stably over extensive temperature (T) and pressure (P) conditions, including those corresponding to the Earth's inner core. In situ X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements at temperatures ranging from 298 to 1073 K and H pressures ranging from 4 to 7 GPa revealed that the hcp hydride was formed for FeH compositions when x < 0.6.

Pressure-induced structural change in liquid GeI.

The similarity in the shape of the melting curve of GeI to that of SnI suggests that a liquid-liquid transition as observed in liquid SnI is also expected to occur in liquid GeI. Because the slope of the melting curve of GeI abruptly changes at around 3 GPa, in situ synchrotron diffraction measurements were conducted to examine closely the structural changes upon compression at around 3 GPa. The reduced radial distribution functions of the high- and low-pressure liquid states of GeI share the same feature inherent in the high-pressure (high-density) and low-pressure (low-density) radial distribution functions of liquid SnI.

Formation of novel transition metal hydride complexes with ninefold hydrogen coordination.

Ninefold coordination of hydrogen is very rare, and has been observed in two different hydride complexes comprising rhenium and technetium. Herein, based on a theoretical/experimental approach, we present evidence for the formation of ninefold H- coordination hydride complexes of molybdenum ([MoH]), tungsten ([WH]), niobium ([NbH]) and tantalum ([TaH]) in novel complex transition-metal hydrides, LiMoH, LiWH, LiNbH and LiTaH, respectively. All of the synthesized materials are insulated with band gaps of approximately 4 eV, but contain a sufficient amount of hydrogen to cause the H 1s-derived states to reach the Fermi level.

Synthesis, Direct Formation under High Pressure, Structure, and Electronic Properties of LiNbO3-type Oxide PbZnO3.

A novel LiNbO3-type (LN-type) lead zinc oxide, PbZnO3, was successfully synthesized under high pressure and temperature. Rietveld structure refinement using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data demonstrated that LN-type PbZnO3 crystallized into a trigonal structure with a polar space group (R3c). The bond valence sum estimated from the interatomic distances indicated that the sample possesses a Pb(4+)Zn(2+)O3 valence state.

True boundary for the formation of homoleptic transition-metal hydride complexes.

Despite many exploratory studies over the past several decades, the presently known transition metals that form homoleptic transition-metal hydride complexes are limited to the Groups 7-12. Here we present evidence for the formation of Mg3 CrH8 , containing the first Group 6 hydride complex [CrH7 ](5-) . Our theoretical calculations reveal that pentagonal-bipyramidal H coordination allows the formation of σ-bonds between H and Cr.

Site occupancy of interstitial deuterium atoms in face-centred cubic iron.

Hydrogen composition and occupation state provide basic information for understanding various properties of the metal-hydrogen system, ranging from microscopic properties such as hydrogen diffusion to macroscopic properties such as phase stability. Here the deuterization process of face-centred cubic Fe to form solid-solution face-centred cubic FeDx is investigated using in situ neutron diffraction at high temperature and pressure. In a completely deuterized specimen at 988 K and 6.

Cloning and characterization of a unique cytotoxic protein parasporin-5 produced by Bacillus thuringiensis A1100 strain.

Parasporin is the cytocidal protein present in the parasporal inclusion of the non-insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis strains, which has no hemolytic activity but has cytocidal activities, preferentially killing cancer cells. In this study, we characterized a cytocidal protein that belongs to this category, which was designated parasporin-5 (PS5). PS5 was purified from B.

Identification of a second cytotoxic protein produced by Bacillus thuringiensis A1470.

Bacillus thuringiensis A1470 produces multiple proteins with similar molecular masses (~30 kDa) with cytotoxicity against human cell lines. One that was previously identified, parasporin-4, is a β-pore-forming toxin. The N-terminal sequence of a second cytotoxic protein was identical to a partial sequence of parasporin-2 produced by B.

Synthesis, structural transformation, thermal stability, valence state, and magnetic and electronic properties of PbNiO3 with perovskite- and LiNbO3-type structures.

We synthesized two high-pressure polymorphs PbNiO(3) with different structures, a perovskite-type and a LiNbO(3)-type structure, and investigated their formation behavior, detailed structure, structural transformation, thermal stability, valence state of cations, and magnetic and electronic properties. A perovskite-type PbNiO(3) synthesized at 800 °C under a pressure of 3 GPa crystallizes as an orthorhombic GdFeO(3)-type structure with a space group Pnma. The reaction under high pressure was monitored by an in situ energy dispersive X-ray diffraction experiment, which revealed that a perovskit-type phase was formed even at 400 °C under 3 GPa.

Mode of action of parasporin-4, a cytocidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis.

Parasporin-4 (PS4) is a cytotoxic protein produced by Bacillus thuringiensis strain A1470. It exhibits specific cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines, CACO-2, Sawano, and MOLT-4 cells, in particular. When cells were administrated with PS4, cell swelling and nuclear shrinkage were induced, and, the ballooned cells burst within 24 h.