Hepatocellular Carcinoma Presenting with Pseudoprogression in a Patient Receiving Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab Combination Therapy.

A 65-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma and lung metastasis was treated with a combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab. Subsequently, the patient developed fever and new liver lesions, which were considered to indicate a pseudoprogression. Despite this, the treatment was continued.

Synergistic antitumor effect of histone deacetylase class IIa inhibitor with lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) class I and IIa are highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and associated with decreased survival. However, clinically used pan and class I inhibitors have serious adverse events. In this study, we assessed the antitumor effects and tolerability of class IIa HDAC inhibitor (HDACI) with lenvatinib, which is a standard therapy for HCC.

Association between Hepatic Oxidative Stress Related Factors and Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in NAFLD-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

We investigated the association between iron overload, oxidative stress (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine: 8-oxo-dG scores), Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation (expression of glutamine synthetase: GS), and tumor hyperintensity in the Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI hepatobiliary phase (relative enhancement ratio: RER). This was a retrospective analysis of 94 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent surgical resection. In HBV-, HCV-, and alcohol-associated HCC, serum ferritin levels in the high and low RER groups were equivalent.

A Case of Unresectable Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma Successfully Treated with Lenvatinib.

A 77-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of a hepatic tumor. Blood biochemistry showed elevated serum alfa-fetoprotein, protein induced by vitamin K absence-II, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 95-mm-sized tumor in liver S7.

A case of acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis C during the course of adrenal Cushing's syndrome.

A 50-year-old woman with adrenal Cushing's syndrome and chronic hepatitis C developed an acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis C before adrenectomy. After administration of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir was started, her transaminase levels normalized promptly and a rapid virological response also was achieved. Laparoscopic left adrenectomy was then performed safely.

Cancer risk and genotype-phenotype correlation in Japanese patients with Cowden syndrome.

Background: Cowden syndrome (CS) is an autosomal-dominant hereditary disorder caused by a germline PTEN variant and characterized by multiple hamartomas and a high risk of cancers. However, no detailed data on CS in Asian patients nor genotype-phenotype correlation have been reported.

Methods: We performed the first Japanese nationwide questionnaire survey on CS and obtained questionnaire response data on 49 CS patients.

Combination of psoas muscle mass index and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic predictor for patients undergoing nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.

Background And Aim: Reliable predictors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are urgently needed. The psoas muscle index (PMI) is a simple and rapid method for evaluating muscle atrophy. Furthermore, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic factor that is easy to calculate in everyday clinical practice.

Programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in a case of poorly differentiated lymphocyte-rich hepatocellular carcinoma.

Our pathological study of a case of poorly differentiated lymphocyte-rich hepatocellular carcinoma suggested that immune checkpoint inhibitor may be an effective therapy. The histological type is an important factor in determining treatment choices.

[A case of intraductal tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma with bone metastases].

A woman in her 70s with main pancreatic duct dilatation was referred to our hospital. Various imaging examinations showed an extensive mass within the lumen of the main pancreatic duct in the head and body of the pancreas. The microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen revealed an adenocarcinoma.

A case of hypervascular tumors in the liver and pancreas: synchronous hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma 36 years after nephrectomy.

It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between multiple cancers and metastases using only diagnostic imaging, particularly when multiple hypervascular tumors are found in multiple organs. We present a case in which the preoperative histological evaluation was essential to determine the management of a hypervascular pancreatic tumor and liver tumor.

Survival benefit of conversion surgery after intensive chemotherapy for unresectable metastatic gastric cancer: a propensity score-matching analysis.

Purpose: The clinical benefit of conversion surgery (CS) for unresectable gastric cancer (GC), whereby unresectable GC responds to chemotherapy and subsequently receives curative-intent surgery, remains unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify the clinical value of CS.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 175 unresectable GC, who received triple combined chemotherapy between 2004 and 2019.

Case series of three patients with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer in a single family: Three case reports and review of literature.

Background: Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a familial cancer syndrome often associated with germline mutations in the gene. However, the frequency of mutations is low in patients with HDGC in East Asian countries. Herein, we report three cases of HDGC harboring a missense variant, c.

Management of Multiple Arteriovenous Malformations of the Small Bowel.

A 62-year-old Japanese female was referred to our hospital with gastrointestinal bleeding. Although small-bowel bleeding was suspected, no bleeding source was identified by enhanced computed tomography (CT), video capsule endoscopy (VCE), and double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). Five years later, the patient had recurrent intermittent bloody stools with a significant decrease in hemoglobin levels.

Total buried bumper syndrome: A case study in transabdominal removal using a technique of endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Tube removal by endoscopic submucosal dissection using needle and insulation-tipped diathermic knives against buried bumper syndrome is a reliable, noninvasive and safe procedure.

A dose-escalation study of docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and S-1 (DOS) as a first-line therapy for patients with unresectable metastatic gastric cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the recommended dose (RD) for a docetaxel/oxaliplatin/S-1 (DOS) regimen in patients with unresectable gastric cancer and to preliminarily evaluate its efficacy.

Methods: Previously untreated patients with histologically proven unresectable metastatic gastric cancer were enrolled (n = 16). Docetaxel and oxaliplatin were administered intravenously on day 8 and S-1 was administered orally twice a day on days 1-14.

Docetaxel, cisplatin and S-1 (DCS) combination chemotherapy for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis: a retrospective study.

Purpose: Peritoneal metastasis (PM) in advanced or recurrent gastric cancer (AGC) is the most frequent cause of death from this disease. However, current treatments remain unsatisfactory. We previously conducted studies of docetaxel, cisplatin and S-1 (DCS) combination chemotherapy for AGC.

A triplet combination with capecitabine/oxaliplatin/irinotecan (XELOXIRI) plus cetuximab as first-line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a dose escalation study.

Purpose: The addition of cetuximab to triplet chemotherapy can increase treatment efficacy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We explored the dose-limiting toxicity and feasibility of a triweekly capecitabine, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, plus cetuximab (XELOXIRI plus cetuximab) regimen in patients with wild-type KRAS mCRC.

Methods: Patients received oxaliplatin (100 mg/m, day 1), capecitabine (1700 mg/m per day from day 2 to 15), irinotecan (100, 120, and 150 mg/m for dose levels 1, 2, 3, respectively, on day 1), and cetuximab (400 mg/m, day 1 and, thereafter, 250 mg/m every week), repeated every 3 weeks.

A phase II study of modified docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 (mDCS) chemotherapy for unresectable advanced gastric cancer.

Purpose: Triplet therapy using docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 (DCS) against unresectable gastric cancer as previously reported by us showed high clinical efficacy, with a 87.1% total response rate; however, it also showed a high incidence of grade 3/4 toxicity. With the aim of reducing toxicities, we conducted a phase II study of modified DCS (mDCS), using a reduced dose of docetaxel, and evaluated the clinical efficacy and adverse events of this regimen.

Cases of primary malignant melanoma and melanocytosis of the esophagus observed by magnifying endoscopy: Application to differential diagnosis: case series.

Rationale: Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is a rare disease with an extremely poor prognosis. In contrast, melanocytosis is a benign condition defined as melanocytic proliferation with melanin deposition. PMME is often accompanied by melanocytosis, but differentiating between them is difficult because of their similar appearance.

Conversion therapy for inoperable advanced gastric cancer patients by docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 (DCS) chemotherapy: a multi-institutional retrospective study.

Background: Conversion therapy is an option for unresectable metastatic gastric cancer when distant metastases are controlled by chemotherapy; however, the feasibility and efficacy remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of conversion therapy in patients with initially unresectable gastric cancer treated with docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 (DCS) chemotherapy by evaluating clinical outcomes.

Methods: One hundred unresectable metastatic gastric cancer patients, enrolled in three DCS chemotherapy clinical trials, were retrospectively evaluated.

Influence of XRCC4 expression in esophageal cancer cells on the response to radiotherapy.

DNA double-strand break (DSB) is one of the most serious forms of damage induced by ionizing irradiation and is mainly repaired by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. Immunohistochemical analysis of proteins involved in NHEJ, such as XRCC4 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4), Ku86 and DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunits), may be useful for predicting tumor radiosensitivity. We examined 92 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ECSS) who were treated by radiotherapy between 1999 and 2008.

A Phase 1/2 Study of Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy Using Docetaxel, Nedaplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil (DNF-R) for Esophageal Cancer.

Purpose: Patient survival in esophageal cancer (EC) remains poor. The purpose of this study was to investigate a regimen of definitive chemoradiation therapy (CRT) that exerts good local control of EC. We performed a phase 1/2 study to assess the safety and efficacy of CRT with docetaxel, nedaplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DNF-R).