Current status of open surgery for acute type A aortic dissection in Japan.

Objective: The study objective was to report the clinical outcomes of open surgery for acute aortic dissection by using the Japan Cardiovascular Database.

Methods: Between 2013 and 2018, a total of 29,486 patients with acute aortic dissection who underwent open surgery were registered in the Japan Cardiovascular Database. Some 50% of patients were male.

P2Y12 receptors in primary microglia activate nuclear factor of activated T-cell signaling to induce C-C chemokine 3 expression.

Microglia are widely accepted as surveillants in the central nervous system that are continually searching the local environment for signs of injury. Following an inflammatory situation, microglia alter their morphology, extend ramified processes, and undergo cell body hypertrophy. Extracellular nucleotides are recognized as a danger signal by microglia.

6,7-Difluoro-1,4-dihydro-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, a newly designed fluorescence enhancement-type derivatizing reagent for amino compounds.

A novel fluorescence enhancement-type derivatizing reagent for amino compounds, 6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (FMQC), was developed. FMQC reacts with aliphatic primary amino compounds to afford strong fluorescent derivatives having high photo-and thermo-stabilities. The FMQC derivatives of amino compounds showed 12-159 times higher fluorescence quantum efficiencies than those of FMQC in aqueous and polar organic media.

P2Y12 receptors in spinal microglia are required for neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.

Extracellular nucleotides have been implicated as signaling molecules used by microglia to sense adverse physiological conditions, such as neuronal damage. They act through purinoceptors, especially the G-protein-coupled P2Y receptor P2Y(12)R. Emerging evidence has indicated that activated spinal microglia responding to nerve injury are key cellular intermediaries in the resulting highly debilitating chronic pain state, namely neuropathic pain.