Analysis of proteins released from osteoarthritic cartilage by compressive loading.

In osteoarthritis (OA), synovial pathology may be induced by proteins released from degenerated cartilage. This study was conducted to identify the proteins released from OA cartilage. OA cartilage was obtained from OA knees at macroscopically preserved areas (PRES) and degenerated areas (DEG), while control cartilage (CONT) was collected from non-arthritic knees.

Bulky peritoneal carcinosarcoma with tiny high-grade serous carcinoma of the fallopian tube: a case report.

Peritoneal carcinosarcoma is a highly aggressive and uncommon neoplasm that has carcinomatous and sarcomatous components; the malignancy rarely localizes to the omentum. We report a case of a bulky peritoneal carcinosarcoma with tiny high-grade serous carcinoma of the fallopian tube. A 60-year-old female with a huge pelvic mass (12 cm in diameter) underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy for tumor debulking.

[A Case of Primary Breast Cancer and Gastric Cancer Metastasis to the Skin-Usefulness of Immunohistochemistry in Differentiating Primary Breast Cancer from Metastatic Breast Cancer].

We herein report the case of a 76-year-old female patient who had undergone gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer (histologically tubular adenocarcinoma)before 5 months, presenting with abdominal skin tumor. A skin biopsy revealed tubular adenocarcinoma. Positron emission tomography-computed tomographic scanning detected right breast tumor.

A case of primary hepatic mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine tumor (MiNEN) associated with gallbladder carcinosarcoma.

A woman in her seventies visited our hospital because of abdominal pain. Multiple hepatic tumors were detected and a liver biopsy revealed mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN), which was composed of cholangiocellular carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Diagnostic imaging ruled out primary malignancies other than the liver and identified that the tumor originated from the liver.

Radiological and Pathological Assessment of the 2017 Revised International Association of Pancreatology Consensus Guidelines for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm, With an Emphasis on the Gastric Pyloric Gland Type.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the pitfalls of the current International Association of Pancreatology guidelines (IAPCG2017) for pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and identify the criteria for future guidelines.

Methods: Eighty surgically resected, consecutive IPMN cases were analyzed. Data including tumor site, IPMN duct type, and surgery type were collected.

is negatively regulated by Kit in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Our group has previously demonstrated that pfetin, encoded by the gene, is a strong prognostic biomarker for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, the underlying mechanisms that control pfetin expression remain unknown. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of in GIST, in addition to a possible association between alterations and protein expression, we examined 76 patients with GISTs for mutations by PCR-direct sequence, and compared these results with clinicopathologic data.

Immunohistochemical and genetic characteristics of a colorectal mucin-rich variant of traditional serrated adenoma.

Aims: Recently, several morphological variants of traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) of the colorectum have been recognised, and mucin-rich TSA (MR-TSA) and serrated tubulovillous adenoma (S-TVA) were introduced as distinct morphological variants separate from conventional TSA (C-TSA). This aim of this study was to elucidate the immunohistochemical and genetic characteristics of MR-TSAs.

Methods And Results: We performed immunostaining for cytokeratins (CKs) (e.

Distinct histopathological characteristics in colorectal submucosal invasive carcinoma arising in sessile serrated adenoma/polyp and conventional tubular adenoma.

The histopathological characteristics of colorectal submucosal invasive carcinoma arising in sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P), a rare malignant tumour, have not yet been fully elucidated. To investigate the features of such, we retrospectively analysed 40 submucosal invasive carcinomas with SSA/P (CA-SSA/P) and compared them to 129 cases of submucosal invasive carcinoma with conventional tubular adenoma (CA-AD). We additionally performed hMLH1 immunostaining.

Primary Hepatic Lymphoma Complicated by a Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor and Tumor-Forming Pancreatitis.

Background: Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is considered to be benign in biological behavior, and its malignant transformation is extremely rare. There has only been one published case of primary hepatic lymphoma complicated by hepatic IPT.

Case Presentation: A 73-year-old man presented with obstructive jaundice and a pancreatic head mass.

Distinct Involvement of the Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Gastric Adenocarcinoma of Fundic Gland Type and Conventional Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

Background/aims: Gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (GAFG), which is a rare variant of gastric cancer, is reportedly associated with both Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation and guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating complex (GNAS) mutations. This study aimed to elucidate potential roles of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in GAFG.

Methods: We performed immunostaining for β-catenin and Shh signal-associated proteins, including Patched (Ptch), Smoothened (Smo), and Glioma-associated oncogene-1 (Gli1), and the direct sequencing of GNAS/BRAF/KRAS in 27 GAFGs, and compared them with 30 conventional gastric adenocarcinomas (CGAs).

Epigenetic regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signal-associated genes in gastric neoplasia of the fundic gland (chief cell-predominant) type.

Gastric neoplasia of the fundic gland (chief cell-predominant) type (GNCCP) is a rare variant of gastric tumor. This tumor is associated with activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway; however, the mechanisms underlying this activation remain unknown. To elucidate potential roles of Wnt/β-catenin signal-associated gene methylation in GNCCP, we performed β-catenin immunostaining and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for their associated genes, including SFRPs, APC, AXIN2, and MCC, in 26 GNCCPs [i.

Distinct endoscopic characteristics of sessile serrated adenoma/polyp with and without dysplasia/carcinoma.

Background And Aims: Sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) is a colorectal polyp that has malignant potential. However, the dysplastic components within an SSA/P can be difficult to detect. This study aimed to clarify the endoscopic characteristics of SSA/P with advanced histology.

Fundic gland differentiation of oncocytic/pancreatobiliary subtypes of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.

Aims: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) differentiate in several histological directions, which are related to their clinical behaviour. Differentiation of IPMNs to the gastric foveolar epithelium/pyloric gland (PG) is well known. However, no study has been conducted regarding fundic gland (FG) differentiation.

Expression of DNA double-strand break repair proteins predicts the response and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients undergoing oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.

DNA intrastrand cross-linking agents such as oxaliplatin induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) during DNA repair and replication. In the present study, we hypothesized that DNA intrastrand cross-linking agents may significantly benefit colorectal cancer patients with deficiencies in DSB repair. Seventy-eight patients with metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer who had measurable target lesions and who underwent resection for primary colorectal cancer in our institution between April 2007 and March 2013 were included in the present study.

Molecular pathology and potential therapeutic targets in esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare and poorly differentiated variant of typical squamous cell carcinoma. Emerging studies show that genetic alterations are more frequent in BSCC than in conventional SCC, and some of which led to the identification of potential therapeutic targets in esophageal BSCC. Approximately half of the esophageal BSCC cases harbor either an EGFR mutation or amplification, and these occur in a mutually exclusive fashion.

Alteration of Delta-like ligand 1 and Notch 1 receptor in various placental disorders with special reference to early onset preeclampsia.

Notch signaling pathway has been shown to be dysregulated in placentas with preeclampsia, but there has been a lack of studies on methylation of Notch family genes in this disorder. We therefore executed methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining for Notch 1 receptor and the activating ligand, Delta-like (DLL) 1, with placental tissues from cases of preeclampsia (early onset, n = 18; late-onset, n = 19) and other placental disorders, including maternal complications such as diabetes mellitus and collagen disease (n = 10), fetal growth restriction (n = 17), fetal anomaly (n = 23), preterm birth (n = 15), miscarriage (n = 25), and hydatidiform moles (n = 9) as well as term births (n = 12). The frequency of DLL1 methylation was higher in early onset preeclamptic placentas (61%) than the other subjects (0%-36%; P ≤ .

Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation: a study of 29 cases.

Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (GAED) has been recognized as a variant of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric carcinoma, although its clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features have not been fully elucidated.

Methods: To elucidate the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of GAED, we analyzed 29 cases of GAED, including ten early and 19 advanced lesions, and compared these cases with 100 cases of conventional gastric adenocarcinoma (CGA). Immunohistochemistry for AFP, glypican 3, SALL4, and p53 was performed, and the phenotypic expression of the tumors was evaluated by immunostaining with antibodies against MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC2, CD10, and caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2).

Mutation spectrum in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in gastric fundic gland-associated neoplasms/polyps.

Frequent activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has recently been demonstrated in gastric adenocarcinoma/neoplasia of chief cell predominant type (GA-CCP/GN-CCP) with submucosal involvement. In this study, we examined the activation status of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in GN-CCP without submucosal involvement, which is referred to as gastric dysplasia-CCP (GD-CCP). We also examined β-catenin expression and the mutation spectrum of PPP2R1A and Wnt pathway genes in 11 cases of GD-CCP, 25 cases of gastric polyps of fundic gland type (GPs-FG), and 21 cases of GPs-FG with dysplasia (GP-FGD).

Effect of skip lymphovascular invasion on hepatic metastasis in colorectal carcinomas.

Background: "Skip" lymphovascular invasion presenting as discontinuous foci of tumor cells within the colon wall is now excluded from consideration when determining T stage in the TNM classification. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with such skip lymphovascular invasion.

Methods: First, a retrospective questionnaire survey of the incidence of skip lymphovascular invasion was performed for a total of 1,868 patients with CRCs at ten institutions.

GNAS mutation as an alternative mechanism of activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type.

Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GAFG) is a rare variant of gastric tumor. We have recently reported the frequent accumulation of β-catenin in GAFGs and showed that approximately half of the cases studied harbored at least 1 mutation in CTNNB1/AXINs/APC, leading to the constitutive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However, the mechanisms of Wnt signaling activation in the remaining cases are unknown.

Histological Distinction between the Granular and Nongranular Types of Laterally Spreading Tumors of the Colorectum.

Colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs), which are classified into granular (LST-G) and nongranular (LST-NG) types, are a good indication for endoscopic treatment. In practice, the nongranular type is more difficult to remove endoscopically than the granular type. It might be assumed that some histological differences exist between these subtypes.

An increase of CD83+ dendritic cells ex vivo correlates with increased regulatory T cells in patients with active eosinophilic granulomatosis and polyangiitis.

Background: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of allergic granulomatosis and necrotizing vasculitis with eosinophilic infiltration. The etiology of EGPA is unknown. Dendritic cells (DCs) are not only critical for the induction of primary immune responses; they may also be important for the induction of immunological tolerance and the regulation of the type of T-cell-mediated immune response.

Distinct WNT/β-catenin signaling activation in the serrated neoplasia pathway and the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of the colorectum.

Sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) is considered as an early precursor in the serrated neoplasia pathway leading to colorectal cancer development. The conventional adenoma-carcinoma sequence is associated with activation of the WNT signaling pathway, although its role in serrated lesions is still controversial. To clarify differences in WNT signaling activation in association with MLH1 methylation or BRAF/KRAS mutations between serrated and conventional routes, we performed β-catenin immunostaining, methylation-specific PCR for MLH1 and WNT signaling associated genes such as AXIN2, APC, and MCC and secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs), and direct sequencing of BRAF/KRAS in 27 SSA/Ps, 14 SSA/Ps with high-grade dysplasia and 9 SSA/Ps with submucosal carcinoma, as well as 19 conventional adenomas, 26 adenomas with high-grade dysplasia and 25 adenomas with submucosal carcinoma.