Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for depression. ECT induces volume changes in the amygdala, a key center of anxiety. However, the clinical relevance of ECT-induced changes in amygdala volume remains uncertain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground The growing emphasis on improving patient safety over the past two decades has received more focus in the undergraduate curricula, and the appropriate assessment of patient safety competencies at graduation is crucial in competency-based medical education. However, there is no valid method for assessing patient safety competencies because current assessment methods in medical education focus less on behavior. The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a method to assess clinical performance and has been implemented by medical schools in Japan for summative assessment at graduation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In 2018, diagnostic criteria were introduced for IgG4-related periaortitis/periarteritis and retroperitoneal fibrosis (PA/RPF). This study assessed the existing criteria and formulated an improved version.
Methods And Results: Between August 2022 and January 2023, we retrospectively analyzed 110 Japanese patients diagnosed with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) involving cardiovascular and/or retroperitoneal manifestations, along with 73 non-IgG4-RD patients ("mimickers") identified by experts.
Immunological mechanisms through the activation of CD4-positive T-cells have been assumed to be involved in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Many studies employing frozen tissues of temporal artery biopsy, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and plasma of GCA patients have revealed the contribution of interferon-γ and interleukin-17 in both protein and mRNA levels. However, the analyses using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens, in which the correlation between histopathologic pictures and immunological circumstances would be elucidated, have been limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCholangiocarcinoma has a poor prognosis, and resection is the only curative treatment. Pembrolizumab, a programmed death receptor 1 inhibitor, has proven effective against unresectable or metastatic solid tumors with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) or a high tumor mutation burden (TMB-H). In the present case, pembrolizumab treatment was initiated after standard chemotherapy for MSI-H and TMB-H unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 61-year-old woman without significant medical history developed fever 3 days after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and went into shock the next day. She was negative for SARS-CoV-2 mRNA in real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, she died 10 days after vaccination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathological findings are important in the diagnosis of vasculitis. However, due to the rarity of the disease, standard textbooks usually devote only a few pages to this topic, and this makes it difficult for clinicians not specializing in vasculitis to fully understand the pathological findings in vasculitis. To address the paucity of information, we present representative pathological findings in vasculitis classified in the 2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides (CHCC2012).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Japanese man in the present study experienced acute weakness in his right leg as a two year old. The strength in his leg gradually recovered and developed, and he could play golf and climb mountains up to around the age of 50. From approximately 55 years of age, he became unable to stand up from a stooped position.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-PTLD) is increasingly recognized as a life-threatening complication after transplantation. Most areas affected by EBV-PTLD are lymph nodes, with occasional reports of extranodal lesions such as the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system; however, orbital regions are extremely rare. We report a case of EBV-PTLD in a cord blood transplant recipient with a tumor in the upper right eyelid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) are rare low-grade astrocytic tumors that typically present as superficial nodular cystic tumors of the cerebrum attached to the leptomeninx. Histologically, they are pleomorphic, hypercellular glial neoplasms. Despite the presence of microscopic pleomorphism, patients' postoperative prognosis is generally good.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol
January 2021
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology which predominantly affects medium- and small-sized muscular arteries. Histopathologic studies of KD vasculitis lesions have demonstrated characteristic T cell infiltration and an abundance of CD8 T cells; however, the contribution of cytotoxic lymphocytes to KD vasculitis lesions has not been identified. Here, we histopathologically and immunohistochemically examined infiltrating inflammatory cells, particularly cytotoxic protein-positive cells, such as granzyme B cells and TIA-1 cells, in KD vasculitis lesions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCIC-DUX4 sarcoma (CDS) is a recently identified subtype of small round cell sarcoma. Morphologically, CDS partially resembles Ewing sarcoma (ES) and has been classified as "ES-like sarcoma"; however, detailed clinicopathologic and molecular genetic analyses have indicated that CDS is a new independent disease. Many studies have provided light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and genetic information about CDS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Although glioblastoma has been shown to be able to disseminate widely in the intracranially after treatment with bevacizumab without any significant radiological findings, reports on such cases with subsequent autopsy findings are lacking.
Case Description: A 36-year-old man presented with a general seizure and a mass of the right frontal lobe, which was diagnosed as diffuse astrocytoma (WHO Grade II). The patient underwent a total of four surgeries from 2005 to 2017.
As the number of long-term cancer survivors is increasing, the incidence of post-irradiation malignant mesothelioma may also increase. We herein present the case of an 85-year-old female patient with a history of several surgeries for solid tumors and radiotherapy to the pelvis, who presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea. The patient's general condition gradually worsened and she succumbed to cardiopulmonary arrest triggered by vomiting ~3 months after the onset of the abdominal symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report a fulminant case of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). The patient died only approximately 2 months after the onset of subjective symptoms. Autopsy specimens revealed atypical cells resembling Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in a rich inflammatory background in various organs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMorinda citrifolia L., known as noni, originated from Indonesia exhibits various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory properties. However, the validity of noni fruit juice as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disorder, has not been confirmed yet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlasma cell myeloma (PCM) is a haematological malignancy defined by aberrant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. For the diagnosis of PCM, immunostaining of light chains or surface marker analyses by flow cytometry is needed but sometimes difficult. Aberrant methylation at the carbon-5 position of cytosine results in 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), which is a well-known epigenetic hallmark of cancer in mammals.
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