Publications by authors named "Hiroyuki Haraguchi"

The ceramide (Cer) content of skin and glucosylceramide (GlcCer) intake affect skin moisture conditions, but their mutual relation in skin remains unclear. For clarification of that mutual relation, carbon stable isotopes ((12)C and (13)C) are useful as a tracer. However, carbon isotopic measurement has not been applied to the study of clarifying their skin moisturizing effects.

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To develop a method for detecting GM wheat that may be marketed in the near future, we evaluated the proline-rich protein (PRP) gene as an endogenous reference gene of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum durum L.).

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A PCR-based method was developed to distinguish between durum/common wheat and common wheat by leveraging slight differences of DNA sequence in Starch Synthase II (SS II) coded on wheat A, B and D genomes. A primer pair, SS II ex7-U/L, was designed to hybridize with a conserved DNA sequence region found in SS II-A, B and D genes. Another primer pair, SS II-D 1769U/1889L, was constructed to recognize a unique sequence in the SS II-D gene.

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We investigated the microbial conversion of curcumin (1) using endophytic fungi associated with the rhizome of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). We found that Diaporthe sp., an endophytic filamentous fungus, converts curcumin (1) into four colorless derivatives, namely (3R,5R)-tetrahydrocurcumin (2), a novel (3R,5S)-hexahydrocurcumin (3) named neohexahydrocurcumin, (3S,5S)-octahydrocurcumin (4) and meso-octahydrocurcumin (5).

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[reaction: see text] 13-Hydroxy-14-nordehydrocacalohastine (2) and 13-acetoxy-14-nordehydrocacalohastine (3), two novel modified furanoeremophilane-type sesquiterpenes isolated from Trichilia cuneata, showed inhibitory activities for membrane lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and microsomes. The first, highly convergent total syntheses of new compounds 2 and 3 have also been achieved via a palladium-mediated three-component coupling reaction between 2-iodotoluene (7), 1-penten-4-yn-3-ol (8), and diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate (9).

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Three monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors were isolated from Gentiana lutea. Their structures were elucidated to be 3-3''linked-(2'-hydroxy-4-O-isoprenylchalcone)-(2'''-hydroxy-4''-O-isoprenyldihydrochalcone) (1), 2-methoxy-3-(1,1'-dimethylallyl)-6a,10a-dihydrobenzo(1,2-c)chroman-6-one and 5-hydroxyflavanone. These compounds, and the hydrolysis product of 1, displayed competitive inhibitory properties against MAO-B which was more effective than MAO-A.

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Isoaffinetin (5,7,3',4',5'-pentahydroxyflavone-6-C-glucoside) was isolated from Manilkara indica as a potent inhibitor of lens aldose reductase by bioassay-directed fractionation. This C-glucosyl flavone showed specific inhibition against aldose reductases (rat lens, porcine lens and recombinant human) with no inhibition against aldehyde reductase and NADH oxidase. Kinetic analysis showed that isoaffinetin exhibited uncompetitive inhibition against both dl-glyceraldehyde and NADPH.

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A meroterpene and four flavonoids were isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia as antioxidative components. Their structures were elucidated by spectral data and identified as bakuchiol (1), bavachinin (2), bavachin (3), isobavachin (4) and isobavachalcone (5). In particular, meroterpene 1 and flavonoids 4 and 5 showed broad antioxidative activities in rat liver microsomes and mitochondria.

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Dodecyl (C12) gallate exhibits both potent chain-breaking and preventive antioxidant activity. The pyrogallol moiety is responsible for both activities. Dodecyl (lauryl) gallate prevents generation of superoxide radicals by xanthine oxidase, and this activity comes from its ability to inhibit the enzyme.

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